발달장애학생의 교육대책과 과제

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국발달장애학회
· 수록지 정보 : 발달장애연구 / 6권 / 2호
· 저자명 : 박경숙

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론
Ⅱ. 발달장애학생의 특성과 교육요구
Ⅲ. 발달장애학생의 교육현황 및 문제점
Ⅳ. 발달장애학생의 교육방향과 대책
Ⅴ. 결 론
참 고 문 헌

초록

발달장애라는 용어는 능력의 결함에 초점을 맞춘 개념 정의가 아니라 교육적 요구에 초점을 맞춘 입장에서 개념 정의를 내린 것이다. 그러므로 발달장애인은 비슷한 교육적 요구를 갖는 정신지체, 자폐, 뇌성마비 장애인 등이 이에 속하며 인지발달의 지체 특성을 지니는 것이 가장 큰 특성이다.
발달장애학생 교육은 장애학생 교육중에서도 한층 더 소외된 상태에 있으며, 가장 취약점을 많이 가지고 있다. 취학기회, 교육방법, 직업교육 및 취업 등에서 그들의 요구에 적절하게 부응하지 못하고 있어 집중적인 관심과 배려가 필요한 영역이다.
발달장애학생의 교육 대책으로는 첫째, 모든 발달장애학생을 대상으로 그들의 특별한 요구에 적절한 학교교육을 제공하고, 그에 필요한 지원을 해야 한다. 둘째, 모든 발달장애학생의 특별한 요구에 적합한 교육을 제공하여 그들의 삶의 질을 제고해야 한다. 셋째, 모든 발달장애학생의 특별한 요구와 특성 및 선호에 땨라 교육방법을 도입해야 한다. 넷째, 모든 발달장애학생이 최대한의 교육성과를 산출하도록 지원을 최대화해야 한다. 다섯째, 모든 발달장애학생에 대한 인적․물적․심리적 지원을 대폭 확대하여 그들의 지역사회에 통합되도록 지원해야 한다.

영어초록

In Korea, the term 'developmental disabilities' is a concept not yet clearly defined, but still used widely. Along with this obscure definition, education for students with developmental disabilities still has not been appropriately established, and educational measures that are needed are yet to come. However, new measures must be arranged to provide education for students with developmental disabilities, with the consideration of both their needs and future society's demands. Although presently education for students with developmental disabilities has not been properly established, in the future, education for these students must be properly provided according to their special needs in order to respect their human rights and to realize social justice. If education for students with developmental disabilities is spread continuously with this goal, these students will be able to receive education that is appropriate to their special needs like other students, and become completely integrated as dynamic members of the society. In order to shape the vision of education for students with developmental disabilities, we should take the following educational measures which provide community-based support to allow the improvement in the quality of their lives and the stimulation of their empowerment through inter-agency collaboration, and also solve the tasks related to the educational measures.
First, provide appropriate school education for students with developmental disabilities according to their special needs, and supply sufficient support to do this. In order to accomplish this, we must form a clear definition of developmental disabilities and extend support for them; establish systems to detect disabilities at an early age and to assess their needs for support so that we can provide appropriate education which meets their special needs; give the opportunities of school education to students with developmental disabilities who don't receive one; guarantee the educational continuity by strengthening education in preschool and upper-secondary school level; and establish an inclusive education system which supports students with developmental disabilities so that they can be admitted as appropriate members in general classrooms.
Second, improve the quality of their lives by providing education that is appropriate to the special needs of all students with developmental disabilities. In order to accomplish this, we must research and develop curriculum that makes students with developmental disabilities ready for adult life after their school graduation; develop and disseminate education programs, and teaching materials and tools appropriate to their chronological age; expand the provision of therapeutic education and related services; and strengthen career, vocational, and transition education that is suitable to their needs and preferences.
Third, adopt various education methods according to the special needs, characteristics, and preferences of all students with developmental disabilities. In order to accomplish this, promote collaboration between special and general education teachers; foster these students' empowerment; support approach to field-based instrument; maximize the utilization of information media and assistive technological devices to improve the appropriateness of education.
Fourth, maximize support for students with developmental disabilities to produce the utmost educational outcomes. This implies the strengthened accountability of not only nations, but also schools and teachers. The nation should give schools and teachers autonomy and flexibility to produce the desirable educational outcomes of students with developmental disabilities, but it should also establish system which emphasizes their responsibility for the process and outcomes of education. In order to accomplish this, we must heighten the quality and results of education by evaluating educational institutions in charge of the education of students with developmental disabilities and by assessing their academic achievements.
Fifth, substantially expand personal, material, and psychological support for all students with developmental disabilities, so they can be integrated into the community. In order to accomplish this, we must encourage adult education after their school graduation, establish community-based support system for special education through the foundation of 'Special Education Support Centers', and promote an inter-agency collaboration system so that all students with developmental disabilities can receive education suitable to their needs and become valuable and responsible members of community after graduation.
The aforementioned tasks are to guarantee an education that is appropriate to the special needs of all students with developmental disabilities and to realize the ideal to completely integrate them into society. If we solve all these tasks, education for students with developmental disabilities will be able to overcome all present concerns and provide education which value their special needs, and as a result, raise the quality of their lives. Furthermore, the majority of students with developmental disabilities can study and play in neighbour schools along with students without disabilities and take initiatives on their own lives, and ultimately be integrated into society. This is an ideal that can come true. It is our obligation to make every efforts in order to provide this education for students with developmental disabilities.

참고자료

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