Language change(영문)

소개글

언어의 변화에대한 영문 요약

목차

1. The Regularity of Sound Change
2. Phonological Change
3. Morphological Change
4. Syntactic Change
5. Lexical Change
6. Reconstructing "DEAD" Languages
7. Extinct and Endangered Languages
8. Types of Languages
9. Why Do Languages Change?

본문내용

1. The Regularity of Sound Change
1) Sound Correspondences
Centuries ago English underwent a phonological change called a sound shift in which [u:] became [aw]. In general, where we now pronounce [aw], Middle English speakers pronounced [u:]. This is a regular sound correspondence.
Phonological changes can account for dialect differences. Many dialect differences in pronunciation result from a sound shift whose spread is limited.
2) Ancestral Protolanguages
Languages that evolve from a common source are genetically related. A protolanguage is the ancestral language from which related languages have developed. Genetically related languages were once dialects of the same language. English were dialects of Proto-Germanic, going back even farther in time, earlier forms of Proto-Germanic were dialects of Indo-European.

2. Phonological Change
Phonemes may be lost or added or result from a change in the status of allophones. Phonological rules can change by addition and loss of rules and dialect differences.
1) The Great Bowel Shift
A major change in the history of English that resulted in new phonemic representations of words and morphemes took place approximately between 1400 and 1600. It is known as the Great Vowel Shift. The seven long, or tense, vowels of Middle English underwent the following change.

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