[영어학]Language and the Brain

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영어학 책중 Language and the Brain의 요약및 자기 생각 정리

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12.1 WHERE IS LANGUAGE LOCALIZED IN THE BRAIN?
12.2 HOW DOES THE BRAIN ENCODE AND DECODE SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
12.3 ARE THE COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE NEUROANATOMICALLY DISTINCT?
12.4 SPECIAL TOPICS

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WHERE IS LANGUAGE LOCALIZED IN THE BRAIN?

Language : A Left Hemisphere Phenomenon
Scholars have dabated the question of speech and language localization within the brain. In the 1860s, scientists known as localizationists speculated that the functioning of specific regions in the brain was responsible for language.
Paul Broca described to the Societe d`Anthropologie in Paris a patient who in life had had extreme difficulty in producing speech. Later at autopsy, the patient was found to have damage in the posterior inferior part of the frontal love in the left cerebralhemisphere, now known as Broca`s area.
Broca became the first individual to substantiate the clain that damage to a specific area of the brain results in a speech deficit. In 1865, Broca extended his claim about speech localization by reporting that damage to sites in the left cerebral hemisphere produced aphasia, whereas destructionof corresponding sites in the right hemisphere left linguistic capacities intact.
In 1874, Carl Wernicke, a young German physician, published a monograph describing patients with speech comprehension deficits who had damage outside Broca`s area, in the left posterior temporal lobe.

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