협동조합기본법상 협동조합의 조직과 구조 (The Organization and Structure of a Cooperative in Framework Act on a Cooperative)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 아주대학교 법학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 아주법학 / 8권 / 4호 / 287 ~ 320페이지
· 저자명 : 류창호

초록

협동조합기본법의 제정은 기존에 농협, 수협 등 특별법과 정부의 정책에 의해서 그 설립이 제한적으로 인정되어 왔던 협동조합에 대해서 비교적 자유로운 설립을 선언함으로서 국내에서도 협동조합제도의 활성화를 시도하고 있다는 점에서 그 입법적 의의가 있다. 또한 아직 시행 초기의 단계에서는 각 협동조합과 사회적협동조합 및 연합회의 조직및 운영에 관한 문제점이 본격적으로 대두되고 있지는 않다. 그러나 협동조합이라고 하는 단체의 조직과 구조는 특별법에 의한 협동조합, 민법에 의한 비영리법인, 상법상 유한책임회사, 사회적 기업 등과의 많은 관련성을 가지고 있고 또한 이들과의 차별성을 요한다는 점에서 법 시행 이후 2년간의 경험을 기초로 협동조합의 조직과 구조에 관한 현실적·법적 문제점을 검토하였다.
이러한 문제점등과 그 개선방향으로는 협동조합과 사회적 협동조합의 구별을 명확하게 할 필요가 있다는 점, 협동조합의 발기인 중 자연인과 복수의 법인이 특수관계에있는 경우에는 이들 소수에 의하여 협동조합의 운영이 좌지우지될 수 있는 1인 지배가능성이 있다는 점, 현행 법규정에 의하면 비조합원이 협동조합의 이사 등 임원이 될 수있다는 점, 기존 법인이나 단체가 협동조합 등으로 전환하는 절차에 관한 규정을 보완할 필요가 있다는 점, 조합원과 협동조합의 거래에 관한 분쟁해결을 위한 분쟁조정기구에 대한 규정을 협동조합기본법에 추가하여야 한다는 점을 제시하였다.

영어초록

Before the Framework Act on Cooperative(FAC) was legislated in 2012, cooperatives just could be established restrictively by the special laws and governmental policies. But FAC has legislative meanings in a regard to invigoration of cooperative system in Korea by allowing free establishment of cooperatives without restriction. Now as it is only the early years of taking effect of FAC, the problems of cooperatives and social cooperatives in FAC haven't come to the fore in earnest yet. But the structure and organization of cooperatives much relates to those of other cooperatives in special laws, non-profit corporations in Korean civil code, limited liability company in Korean commercial code and social enterprise. And as the identity of cooperatives needs to be distinguished from them, Thus I examined practical and legal problems of structure and organization of cooperatives. It can be summarized as follows. The first, we need to distinguish cooperative from social cooperative clearly. Though we can tell cooperatives from social cooperatives in regard to their definitions, it's a little unclear to tell them in regard to practical requirements and process of establishment. Especially, we need to make up for the definition of vulnerable social class, the proportion of the business for vulnerable social class among the requirements of social cooperative more concretely. The second, it would be possible that a cooperative could be controlled by a specific person when there is a special relationship between a individual promoter and more than 2 juristic people among promoters of cooperatives and social cooperatives. Therefore we need to provide detailed articles to prevent possibility of control a cooperative by a specific promoter. The third, there isn't a rule on qualification for an executive who isn't a member of a cooperative. There must be a particular rule about it because basically a executive of cooperative also should have a qualification as a member of a cooperative. The fourth, we have to supplement some rules about the way and process in FAC in the case that existing juristic people or organizations switch to cooperatives. Especially, legal basis for detailed processes and ways of corporate personality and registration should be provided. The last, fundamentally as the main business of a cooperatives is transactions of goods and services, so disputes can always arise between customers and cooperatives. But as the disputes between cooperatives and their members usually comprise a high rate of them, they are a little different from usual disputes. For this reason, it'll be meaningful to provide some rules for ADR(alternative dispute resolution) like a conciliation committee to resolve disputes in FAC.

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