『논어』의 시교육론 (Theory of Poem Education in the『Confucian Analects』)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국교육사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국교육사학 / 34권 / 3호 / 59 ~ 86페이지
· 저자명 : 이영환

초록

『논어』에서는 시가 의지를 표현한다는 ‘시언지(詩言志)’의 관점에서 시를 인식하여 시교육의 논리를 전개하였다. 먼저, 언지(言志)인 시의 특질이 선을 좋아하고 악을 싫어하는 마음을 흥기시켜 선악을 분별하는 교육적 효용이 있음을 ‘흥어시(興於詩)’로 언술하였다. 또한『시경』의 학습 효과를 사특함을 없게 하여 바른 성정을 갖게 한다는 ‘사무사(思無邪)’로 총괄하고,『시경』을 공부함으로써 능히 인간만사의 이치와 우주만상의 본질을 말할 수 있다는 의미에서 시를 ‘능언(能言)’으로 이해하였으며 일상 속에서 시를 읊으면서 천리지묘(天理之妙)를 체득하는 것은 성인의 기상이며 유학교육의 이상인 천인합일에 이르는 공부가 된다고 하였다. 특히,『시경』의 시인「관저」는 시교육의 효용인 성정지정에 부합하는 시라는 점에서 모든 시의 본보기가 되므로 시「관저」를 배움으로써 성정의 바름에 도달하는 성인이 되는 공부를 시작할 수 있다고 하였다. 한편,『시경』의 시를 교육하는 방법으로 ‘학시지법(學詩之法)’을 정립하여 시를 학습하는 핵심적인 요령을 제시했고, ‘지시(知詩)’의 사례와 ‘논시(論詩)’의 사례를 통해 시교육의 방법을 구체화했다.

영어초록

In the『Confucian Analects』, the logic of poem education was set out based on the perception of poems from the viewpoint of a belief that ‘poems tell wills in mind(詩言志)’. First, the fact that poems which are linguistic expressions of wills are characterized by their educational utility in that they arouse poetic turns of mind which are in favor of good and in hatred of evil was stated by the phrase ‘excitement arises from poems’. The effect of learning the『Book of Odes』was summarized by the phrase ‘no viciousness in thoughts(思無邪)’ meaning that the learning removes viciousness from the learner to make the learner have proper temperament and poems were understood as ‘fluency’ in the sense that by studying the『Book of Odes』, the learner will become able to sufficiently tell the essence and reasons of humans, nature and all kinds of phenomena in the universe. It was indicated that learning the mysterious reasons ingrained in the universe and nature while reciting poems in daily lives is the spirit of saints and is a study to reach the state of union of god and human which is the ideal of education Confucian education. In particular, it was indicated that the poem「Gwanjeo (關雎)」in the『Book of Odes』was a model of all poems in that it corresponds to proper minds and emotions which are the benefits of poem education and thus studies to become a saint with proper minds and emotions could be started by learning「Gwanjeo (關雎)」. Meanwhile, as a way to educate poems in the『Book of Odes』, the『Confucian Analects』presented core knacks of studying poems by establishing poem studying methods to learn inspiration, insight, harmony, exhortation by insinuation, ethics and broad knowledge from poems and concretized methods of poem education though cases of ‘knowing poems (知詩)’ where leaners become to know poems by discussing and deeply studying the contents of learning and cases of ‘discussion on poems(論詩)’ where leaners become to know the contents of learning by discussing poems.

참고자료

· 없음