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The Significance of Walden Pond from the Perspective of Transcendentalism

The Significance of Walden Pond from the Perspective of TranscendentalismAssignment 2 for American Literature2006080143 罗哈娜As one of the leading transcendentalists in American history, Henry David Thoreau has made a great contribution to improve people’s perception toward lives especially with the world-famous book Walden, or life in the woods. Written in a clear and direct language, Walden gives the image of the essence of life which can be found in the harmony with the nature. Although American transcendentalism was greatly influenced by European philosophy in the first place, it started to form its own characteristics combining Puritan philosophy with Emerson’s. Transcendentalism began as a religious movement, but its doctrine later became applied in the field of philosophy, sociology, and literature in the nineteenth century as well. In literature, transcendental writers put a great emphasis on the spiritual essence of the individual along with the self-reliance. In Thoreau’s Wardeere Thoreau could find the life’s real meaning for himself.This essay aims to analyze the significance of Walden Pond from the perspective of transcendentalism. Walden Pond will be analyzed as a place for the simplified life, the spiritual discovery, and the self-reliance in sequence.Firstly, Walden Pond represents the simplified lifestyle and its benefits to individuals. In the chapter of where I lived, and what I lived for, Thoreau clearly states the reason why he decides to go into the woods: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” Unlike the ordinary people who are obsessed with the material success, Thoreau finds out that it is necessary to escape from the outcome of the Industrial Revolution and to return to a simpler lifestyle. Being away from the tainting influence of the world, Thoreau can find the abunda is not affluent in material. By simplifying his life, Thoreau also can become to spend more time on contemplating and writing. The delight labor and the pleasure of nature in Walden Pond provide him with enough food and happiness while others are sacrificing their lives for a little more convenience.Secondly, the spiritual discovery can be accomplished in Walden Pond. Transcendentalism emphasizes the emotional and spiritual activity rather than rationality. That is why Thoreau tries to find spiritual settlement in the nature, neglecting all the restriction of tradition and custom in the society. Since Thoreau thinks that spiritual growth is integral to the meaningful life, he makes many suggestions based on his own experience. In the chapter of Reading, Thoreau especially stresses on the benefits of reading classical literature. By being soaked in the beauty of literature, he believes, individuals can enjoy the freedom of improving one’s life spiritually. Another suggestion he makes injoy the solitude: "I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.” It may give the readers an impression that Thoreau is a kind of hermit cutting himself off from the society. However he is rather trying to focus on building up the intimacy with nature by being alone and feeling the existence of nature. At this moment, Walden Pond is indeed sharing the same spirit with Thoreau which contributes him to surpass the restriction of being rational and logical.Lastly, as transcendentalists have emphasized, the concept of self-reliance can be understood as one of the ultimate goals that Thoreau has pursued in Walden Pond. Walden Pond encourages Thoreau to work on believing in his own ability and soul, so it also can be seen as the root of self-reliance in a sense. Like mentioned above, Thoreau tries to apply transcenden and spiritual matters. In this sense, self-reliance can be the most significant factor to put all of his principles into practice. According to Thoreau, self-reliance is necessary not only for economic dependence but for the spiritual reliance between individuals and the natural world to exist each other in a harmonious way.Many of his readers come to appreciate the charm and purity of Walden Pond after going through Thoreau’s two-year of life in the woods. After a while, they may feel that this feeling is lingering in their mind and making themselves try to find this spiritual connection within their own surroundings. Nature, which is symbolized through Walden Pond, is the absolute paradise that individuals can enjoy the independence, sufficiency, and pleasure. Just like Thoreau finds the spiritual composure in Walden through observing seasonal changes, ecological systems, and the pure water of Pond, his readers including myself can come to realize the infinite meaning of life and th.

인문/어학| 2010.04.10| 4페이지| 1,000원| 조회(282)

Walden, Henry David Thoreau, Transcenden..

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Nuclear Weapon and Nuclear Power Industry

Discussion Question on Nuclear Weapon and Nuclear Power Industry“Some day it may happen that your house is being burnt to nothing, and your family, friends are all screaming out of severe pain around your dead body, all caused from nuclear bombing”.Now many cases in history has already proven that nuclear arsenal should be the first thing to be abolished for the sake of human peace, yet what matters is that whether the nuclear power industry also should be halted immediately along with nuclear weapon. People has made and even used nuclear weapon for their survival, causing others to death on the other side. There is no one way to justify the usage of nuclear weapon. However, in terms of the nuclear power industry, some might strongly support this effectiveness and powerful energy resource. But here is my question “Is it worthy enough to run the risk of losing our life?”The radiation effects, as we all know, are notorious for its extremely high destructive force not only to human beings but to all kinds of creatures living in the earth. It is true that the technology has improved enough to keep the process of making nuclear power under control, but we cannot still deny that there always exists the possibility of an accident. Once a nuclear power plant starts to contaminate the nature, human beings will literally lose our life itself; a series of disease will ruin biological system, and the peace we have been longing for so eagerly will be converted into a disaster instantly.There is another factor that threatens our life – the nuclear waste and the difficulty of selecting a suitable spot for building a nuclear waste repository. Surprisingly, it takes more than hundreds of millions of years to get rid of radioactivity from plutonium, which means it is impossible to get away from the threat of radioactivity during our life or even for our offspring. It might not have been that difficult to build a nuclear waste repository in 1960s, because there was no widespread perception about the effect of nuclear power among people at that time, but time is different now. No one wants to live, exposing themselves to radioactivity. This common phenomenon of today is causing another international conflict between the developed and the under-developed countries based on the matter of interests.From the aspect of international security, the nuclear power industry can be seen as a motive raising an idea of using nuclear weapon. A country builds the more nuclear power plants can get the more accesses to the material of nuclear weapon easily. And no one can guarantee human beings’ infinite greed when it comes to acquiring profits. Especially there are also some possibilities that nuclear weapon can be used for the purpose of terror, or worse, can be the target of being attacked.To gratify our endless desire, we have already ruined a great part of our Mother Nature. Confronted by this global environmental crisis, it seems quite late for us to regret what we did to the nature, but by halting the nuclear weapon and the nuclear power industry we can still save ourselves and the Mother Nature from the early extinction that possibly will take place. Instead of placing our destiny on this dangerous resource, we can use alternative energy like geothermal, solar, and wind power.

교육학| 2010.04.10| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(303)

nuclear weapon, nuclear industry

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Love & Marriage in “the Importance of Being Earnest”

Love & Marriage in“the Importance of Being Earnest”Love and marriage, for all ages and in all places, have been an essential theme for integrating arts, especially in the field of literature. It has satisfied our desire toward love at the same time making the prosaic life more colorful and warm. Characters in a story find their soul mate, fall in love in a sight, and make a lot of effort to lead their love to another name of a new life, new love - “marriage”. We sometimes weep for their separation, and sometimes smile for their happy ending comparing to that of our own. The importance of Being Earnest written by Oscar Wilde is one of the greatest love stories of Victorian era, which reflects different sense of values on love, and snobbish marriage customs that prevailed at that time.This essay is going to make an analysis on the concept of love and marriage in Victorian era based on characters in the Importance of Being Earnest.Two main men characters, Jack and Algernon, are reflectinggh time to understand each other nor did they actually fall in love. It was also very unfamiliar to see such a rapid development in terms of relationship. However, what was interesting is that they took a slightly different point of view on love and marriage. Not only in many comedy dramas but also in our real life men tend to draw a distinction between love and marriage. From a small talk between Jack and Algernon (Act1, Part1), we could see that Jack was more serious and sincere on that matter of marriage, while Algernon even took marriage and love triangle as a trivial thing to make a joke on: You don’t seem to realise, that in married life three is company and two is none. However, there was a thing shared by these two men; they took a rather soft stand than women on a courtship.“Mr. Ernest Worthing and I are engaged to be married” (Act 2, Part 2), Cecily and Gwendolen both screamed and quarreled for their own love. However, the funny thing was that they put more weight on the dignly, started to find Earnest (Algernon) attractive although she was only told about his bad behavior and dark future, and she even got engaged and broke the engagement by herself with writing a diary. To some people, she might seem a little, pure girl who had a cute fantasy about love, but to me, she looked beyond that range, even more like pathetic. In terms of a way of expression, women in the past usually are regarded to have a passive attitude toward love and courtship, but they did not feel a little shameful at all to express their feelings. “The moment Algernon first mentioned to me that he had a friend called Earnest, I knew I was destined to love you” (Act 1, Part 2).To lady Bracknell, it seemed that love and marriage were not a word having any romantic meaning any more. She was described as one of typical aristocratic circles who filled with vanity, arrogance, and worldly desires. Her obsess toward fortune was too strong that even made readers feel embarrassed.(Act 1, Part 2): at a really affectionate mother requires. Do you smoke?” and she started to ask Jack about his background in a businesslike air, mainly focused on figuring out whether Jack had enough fortune to promise Gwendolen a plenty life. Her kind of snobbish nature even got worse in the scene where she met with Cecily. She expressed unhappiness toward Cecily who had not yet got the hayseed out of her hair, but she changed her attitude as soon as heard about her immense property and started to make a fuss on praising Cecily’s possibility to be the center of attention in society circles. This corruption of the times made the real meaning of love deglamorized and worthless. Another thing we can learn from lady Bracknell is that women in Victorian era, of course not every woman might be like this, did not give much respect to their husband, and yet thought husband as a weak figure. Lady Bracknell talked about lady Harbury “I'm sorry if we are a little late, Algernon, but I was obliged to call on dea that to lady Bracknell, husband was one whom she kept staying at home so that he became weaker and powerless, or just someone annoying. One more thing we should pay attention is that Gwendolen had also got affected by lady Bracknell’s way of thinking.After finishing this story, a profound question has been thrown to me, “What did Oscar Wild really want to deliver us through this story? – should we marry or be single?” Based on the fact that Oscar Wild was an outsider and homosexual, and also from those cynical lines on marriage from the story, we can see that he did not believe in marriage yet did regard it as a kind of calculated commercial transaction. No love could be found from his eyes. However, to some extent, it is also possible to say that Oscar Wild had a clear grip on the two sides of marriage. Algernon: Good heavens! Is marriage so demoralising as that? But, the funny thing was that Algernon also chose to be depraved – to get married – as a result of being blind by love. I ed.

인문/어학| 2010.04.10| 5페이지| 1,000원| 조회(342)

LOVE, English writing, Victorian, Oscar W..

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Portrayal of the Supernatural in “Frankenstein”, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, and “the Lady of Shalott”

Portrayal of the Supernatural in “Frankenstein”,“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, and “the Lady of Shalott”Mid-term Paper in Victorian LiteratureHuman beings constantly have been evolving, and the evolution can never successfully take place without overcoming the fear of facing changes. In Victorian era, people had to confront rapid developments and drastic changes throughout the entire country. With the great success of the Industrial Revolution, the Victorian empire managed to make significant progresses not only in the industries but also human knowledge including science and technology. On the other hand, however, these changes led Victorians to the chaos of a conflict between materialism and the ideal. They started to become aware of the negative effects of industrialization and of the need to rely on religion or supernaturalism. Literature, which is a mirror of the times, also greatly reflected the fear and anxiety of the people in Victorian Times. Mary Shelley, Robert Browe birth of ‘the creature’.“Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark word”. (Shelley, 1818, Chap4)In “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, however, the narrator can be seen as one who is obsessed with the glory of the success on a quest. From another perspective, Childe Roland is a symbol of ordinary human beings and their self-consciousness that tries to conquer the fear about the unknown world just like the ‘Dark Tower’ in the poem. This kind of desire also can be found in Frankenstein, which is the voyage of Robert Walton in search for the North Pole.“…there is a love for the marvellous, a belief in the marvellous, intertwined in all my projects, which hurries me out of the common pathways of men, even to the wild sea and unvisited regions I am about to explore”. (Shelley, Letter 2)On the other hand, the lady in “the Lady of Shalott” is willing to take risks to pursue her own love despite the curse thaa mother to give a birth. He already breaks many rules of the nature so far, but astonishingly Victor tries to escape from the “catastrophe” of the creature for the reason that the creature is not as beautiful as what he has expected.“I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart”. (Shelley, chapter 5)In “the Lady of Shalott”, the Victorian’s ideal about appearance is also reflected just like Frankenstein. At the last verse of the poem, Lancelot says, “She has a lovely face; God in his mercy lend her grace, The Lady of Shalott”. While others are crossing themselves for fear in front of the dead lady of Shalott, only Lancelot says this phrase without fear. What if the lady of Shalott hasn’t a beautiful face? Could she still get attention and even a blessing from Lancelot? Probably her sacrifice and death to reach nearer Lancelot might be useless or even unnotie creature and his menace to kill his loved ones, Victor Frankenstein makes a promise to comply with the creature’s quest. However, that fear works opposite at Chapter 20. Victor destroys the female creature right before he accomplishes the task. From this moment, the creature becomes more savage and cruel so that he can kill others rather emotionlessly and calculatedly.“Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!” (Shelley, chapter20)Obviously it is Victor’s responsibility to nurture the creature in the first place, yet he abandons the creature and makes him turn into a real monster. Moreover, Victor cannot realize how serious a sin he has committed by creating a life from death at the same time he is just busy justifying himself for the sake of humanity chapter7)The setting of “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came” is also described as a dreary and hell-like place where is full of weed such as “cockle”, “spurge”, “thistle-stalk”, and a grotesque river. In “the Lady of Shalott”, the lady lives in a remote place isolated from others. At first, just like her casual feelings, the surroundings are also peaceful; “the sun came dazzling through the leaves, and flamed upon the brazen greaves”. However as she breaks the curse the weather also changes rapidly; “in the stormy east-wind straining, the pale yellow woods were waning...” Though these examples, it can be concluded that nature had a deep connection with human beings’ mental activity in Victorian literature and even still today’s literature.By analyzing Victorian’s works, I could have a glimpse on their culture and ideology at that time. All these three works had different unique color and flavor which allowed me to have a fresh mood as appreciating one another. For all that, it was Ft”

인문/어학| 2010.04.10| 8페이지| 2,000원| 조회(302)

Victorian, frankenstein, Supernatural, Ch..

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Forrest Gump: Mirror of American History and Ideology

Forrest Gump- Mirror of American History and Ideology“My momma always said; life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." This is one of the most famous quotes appeared in the film ‘Forrest Gump’. Together with Gump’s and other characters’ varied life, the audience could have a taste of all different flavors of chocolate – nausea of mistreatment, sweetness of love, and bitterness of death. Based on the novel ‘Forrest Gump’ written by Winston Groom (1986), the film was produced by the director Robert Zemeckis, and the world-famous actor Tom Hanks in 1994. Through Gump’s rather dull but pure aspect toward life, the audience could get relieved and free from the chaos of competition and selfishness in their daily life. Like this, this film seemingly only focuses on delivering the fact that success and glory will be followed of itself when we do our best in every second, but from the political perspective, Forrest Gump can be interpreted as a typical American-lik’ is just a weak and light individual that has no other way to adapt to the absolute power. Feather only can go to where the wind leads, which is quite similar to the situation that Forrest and Jenny face under the power of the Nation.Following the floating feather along the wind, the audience can reach a small bus stop of rural area and a bench on it. While Forrest is waiting for the bus, he talks to anyone sitting next to him about his own story which is never asked. At first to a young black woman, Forrest offers chocolates and starts a conversation just like a soliloquy. He introduces his name which is named after General Forrest Gump who created KKK and says: “My momma always said; life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get. Those must be comfortable shoes." This sentence is an indirect metaphor for his real character. As a representative of mainstream culture, his life will be as sweet as chocolates, stepping on the comfortable paths. And really it isgest scandal of American history, and President Nixon gets resigned because of the phone call. Proved by all the scenes above, Forrest has been in every historical moment naturally.The history of America can be said to be American mainstream culture made by those who live an affluent and influential life. The history that Forrest stays in is the spot where he meets President of United States, where America joins a war, and where national diplomacy takes place. Of course Forrest still can be seen in the moments when racial discrimination is brought to an end, and in anti-Vietnam War demonstration. However unlike his ‘active’ participation in the mainstream culture, he takes a rather ambiguous attitude which is more like that of a looker-on. Strictly speaking Forrest is not being with non-mainstream culture. If we understand Forrest as a ‘feather’, the mainstream of America can be the strong ‘wind’ which leads Forrest to the sweet and comfortable life and also helps him to make his own cher drunkard father. It is natural for her to have a desire to escape from this kind of life, so she prays with Forrest: “Dear God, make me a bird so I can fly far, far, far away from here.” This childhood background of her has a great influence on the development of her personality and life itself later. In her mind, the desire to escape from reality starts to be formed in the early age. As she grows up, separated from Forrest, she goes to a girls school where she has free love, and seduces Forrest ignoring the existence of her roommate.JENNY: Have you ever been with a girl, Forrest?FORREST: I sit next to them in my home economics class all the time.And Jenny takes Forrest’s hand to her body and lets him caress her. From this scene, Jenny’s free sexual awareness, in other words, ‘Sexual Revolution’ is clearly delivered to the audience. This ‘Sexual Revolution’ was one of the most representative cultural movements at that time, and she is a part of Countercultures.As time goes on, Forrre was a kind of tool to liberate youth from the dominant western society, rejecting the established values and ways on the society and asking a new alternative answers. Like this, Jenny’s life is a reflection of Counterculture itself.To understand this film better, it is necessary to pay more attention to the relationship between these two characters rather than taking them individually. In their childhood, Forrest is a huge support for Jenny. Although she is way smarter than Forrest, she always relies on him to great degree. Later on, at the scene when they meet again as a war hero and as a hippie, they talk to each other:JENNY: Why are you so good to me?FORREST: You’re my girl.JENNY: I’ll always be your girl.Together with many scenes that Forrest saves Jenny, this scene reflects Forrest’ role as a guardian and Jenny’s attitude toward Forrest. That is, as a guardian, Forrest always accepts Jenney no matter what she has done, but as a protégé Jenney takes his love granted while rejecttm

인문/어학| 2010.04.10| 7페이지| 2,000원| 조회(283)

English writing, Forrest Gump, mainstrea..

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