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roman empire 경제

ROMEYoobin LeeRome’s political system from 600BCE until 600CE. /Latin people /and Romulus founded a city state in 753BCE on the Tiber River. Romulus became the first king of this city state and named it Rome. Started by Romulus, Rome kept monarchy political system until 509 BCE. For 250 years, 7 kings ruled Rome /such as Numa pompilius,/ Tullo ostilio /and Servius Tulius. The head of the aristocrat nominates one of the aristocrats, and then the comitia makes the decision. There were various forms of Comitia such as Curia. They only assembled when the king wanted to progress something, for the purpose of own benefit charge. /The 7th king named Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, ignored Comitia and kept dictatorship rule through Rome. Roman people were upset that just one man grabbing too much power, /so they acted on a violence rebellion and set up a republic system./Rome’s republican government started in 510BCE for 450 years. Roman Republic Government was a well combine of division of authoranus which means the senate and people of Rome. Rome included not just influential people, also the citizens, commoners and weak people. /Consul and senates are the two main composition of Rome. In the middle of 5th century BCE, Rome elected 2 people for the highest authority from the consul and senates, which is called diarchy. One charges of domestic policy and another charge of foreign policy. They only lead for 1 year./In the late 5th century BCE, Etruria, part of Italian land, got weakens which helped Rome to expand on Etruria. From 343 BCE to 290BCE,/ Rome kept won the battles with Italy and finally ruled middle part of Italy. By this, the soldier, mostly the commoners, dependence increased which also made commoners have more power. While Roman expands lands and conquest the Italian peninsula, the farming land was getting devastated. /Citizens including the farmers attended to the war, therefore the land was in charge of no one. Wealthy people bought the grain from the provinces urn the standard land to the government and the government gave the lands out to the poor people. But the senate, which most people were wealthy, didn’t remark this as a good law and assassinated Tiberius. Younger brother Gaius became the tribute in 123BCE and tried to conclude the Tiberius’ fulfil. He fulfilled the law called Lex Frumentaria. But once again, senates didn’t conclude it as a good thing and attacked the reformists on Gaius’ side, which lead to 3000 people die, and Gaius committed suicide./ the Gracchie brother’s new reform for Rome has failed.The Punic War. This war is one of the biggest wars in the ancient histories. What is Punic? Punic comes from the Latin word ‘Poenus’. Carthage, which is the country that fought with Rome in Punic War, was a rich country in this period of time. Carthage had lots of minerals and more than 250 mineral fountains and not just the commerce, agriculture were also way developed than other countries around. Punic war begun between Rome and Culius Caeser appeared as a high ranking government position in 73BCE. He was incredibly talented at everything such as speech and math and became the/ consul and expanded land to France and northern Italy ect, in just 7 years. But he got hatred by senates because most of citizens followed him. Senates tried to assassinate him but Caesar found out about it so in January 10, 49 BC, Julius Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River in violation of law, hence making civil war inevitable. /Caesar’s civil war began versify Pompey, one of the senate. At the end, Caesar won the battle in 45 BCE. Later, Caesar assassinated but left a note behind that his adopted/ son Gaius Octavius also known as Augustus Caesar to be the first empire of Rome. Here, what we should focus on is that by Caesar’s civil war, was against the Law of Roman Republic. Rome stuck in the confusion and other civil wars kept happened. And meanwhile Octivius became the first empire and for 200 years he / brought Pax Romana wense weaker and it gave chance to Germanic race attack Rome much easier. Second, the slave rebellion. Apporixmately, 20 thousands of slave revolts which failed at the end but it weakend the military power. Third, after the splite, Eastern Rome became rich but western Rome didn’t. By differences of religion, Eastern Rome didn’t help Western Rome. Fourth, Western rome was believing in catholic and opressived other religions such as Jedaism, but expecially people who believes in Jesus.Rome was a great country and still many people comment that rome had the most amazing political system.Good Morning class, today we are going to introduce to you about China, India and Rome’s political system between 600 BCE and 600CE.Thanks for your attendtionHanwook Jo, 2010, ‘Why? Rome’, Yerimdang, 153 Samsungdong Gangnamgu, SeoulAncient Rome Story, Bek Yeon, 2013, September, 10th , Hyperlink "http://whitelake.tistory.com/217" http://whitelake.tistory.com/217,Julius Caesar, BBC, 2013 September 12th, Hyperk,

경영/경제| 2013.10.15| 4페이지| 1,000원| 조회(91)

로마, Roman empire, roman empire 경제

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Byzantine Empire, 비잔티움 제국, 경제, 십자군전쟁

Byzantine Empire‘Byzantine’ comes from a Greek word ‘Byzantion’, and later it changed into the Latin word ‘Byzantine’. In 396CE, when Rome spilt into Eastern Rome and Western Rome, the Great Emperor of Eastern Rome, Constantine, moved the capital to Byzantium. Byzantium was the state’s name at this time, but he changed the city’s name ‘Byzantium’ to ‘Constantinople’ which means ‘the city of Constantine’. So in the early age of Byzantine Empire, it was also called Constantinople. After Rome split into two parts, Western Rome collapsed in 476CE. Eastern Rome, after 476CE, was called the ‘Byzantine Empire’. So Eastern Rome was Byzantine Empire and Byzantine existed for 1000 years.The Byzantine’s Emperor was regarded as ‘god’s deputy. Western Europe, nobles voted the representatives for king. Similar to Western Europe, during Byzantine Empire senates, military and the citizens voted for the emperor. But there were differences between Western Europe and Byzantine Empire after the election. leadership, he reconquered including Italy and Carthago which was old Western Rome’s land, and made Mediterranean again ‘Rome’s Ocean’. He compiled ‘Code of Justinian’s, ‘Corpus juris Civilis’ which include all the laws of Rome, and built Saint Sophia’s church. Connecting a little to the culture, Saint Sophia church was built in 523 CE for 5 years, by an order from Justinian. But after Byzantine collapsed, this building changed their purpose to Islamic mosque. The Saint Sophia Church showed the Byzantine Arts, which was also called ‘Byzantium culture’. It was a combines Ancient Greek culture and Christian element. Anyways, Justinian received the title ‘the great emperor’. There was a great supporter who helped him leaving a great achievements, her name was Theodora, the Empress of Justinian. Theodora persuaded Justinian when he tried to run away from the riot that happened suddenly after Justinians’ enthronement, and bind the riot.Was Byzantine Empire a peaceful Empire? The answer is e was a burning-liquid weapon used in naval battles to great effect as it could continue burning even on water. The ingredients were a combination of sulfur, diesel and tin.The Crusade was the war occurred for 200 years, 1095 until 1270 CE, between Christian countries and Islam Countries for the control of Jerusalem. ( explain where Jerusalem, Frank and Byzantine are, purple- roman catholic, Greek orthodox Christiany, orange Islam)(hold Pope Urban Second paper) Islam attacked our alliance country Byzantine. Our brothers and sisters are dying and down fall to slaves. They asked us for a help and we should response for it! We should defeat the Pagans! This is GOD’s intention! Let our Messiah have the glory of Paganism’s defeat!Wow What’s going on???? Pope Urban second from Frank proclaimed the ‘Crusades’ in the council of Clemont in 1095 CE November.(hold citizens paper) God Wills It!! God Wills It!!So now Western European people shout ‘God Wills It’ and prepares for the Crusades. But whs sign on their chest. Anyways, the Crusades occurred 8 times for 200 years. First crusades were occurred between 1096 until 1099 CE. In July 15th, 1099, the crusades defeated the Muslims and conquered Jerusalem. The Second Crusade happened between 1147 to 1149, for the control over Edessa. But the result was Crusades’ loss. The third war was also called the king’s Crusade because famous kings such as Friedrich the first, Richard the first and Phillips the second attended to the war. In result, Jerusalem became Islam’s land but at the same time, it allowed catholic’s pilgrimage. From 4th uto 8th crusades, the purpose of Crusade which was getting Jerusalem, was getting depraved. The purposed turned mostly likely to plunder other cities. In 1270, the last crusade capitulated and it was the end of 200yrs of wars. They tried hard, but why couldn’t they won? First, because all the countries in the western Europe untied, therefore there were some cultural and social differences. Moreover, thlaimed, the Latins had severely damaged both the economy and the military capabilities of what they had conquered initially- indeed, Constantinople was nearly deserted. The Byzantines were further weakened by a series of civil wars in the 14th century, and finally by the growth of the Ottoman Turks, who finally laid siege to Constantinople in 1453 and managed to capture it, thus finally ending the Byzantine Empire. (shows picture, explain how smaller it got)Here is my bibliography, I gained sources mostly from the books.Byzantine kept their empire for 1000 years, which is a 5th as long as the oldest country kept in the world such as Korea and China. We just covered how they could keep the empire and face confront to the crisis. Byzantine Empire is neither the greatest nor the best empire in the ancient history, but left their arts and inspiration which are still around the world and us.Frank had feudalism, which is a political rulling system that started in the period of Franks. Lord o.

인문/어학| 2013.10.15| 5페이지| 1,000원| 조회(110)

비잔티움, 십자군전쟁, 외국인학교

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dulce et decorum est 영어 해석, 독해, 풀이

Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred OwenYoobin Lee10ATerm 1Final EssayWars still occur in the world, and many people sacrifice for peace. The British poet, William Owen was also the victim of a war, World War One. Though he died at a young age, his works are considered as the leading poetry of the First World War by many people. One of Owen’s representative poems is ‘Dulce et decorum est’. This poem analyzes about the war and how destructive it was. ‘Dulce et decorum est’ portrays the reality of World War One by using many poetic skills. This poem refutes the rationality of the war and also contradicts the title of the poem ‘Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori’. However, war is fallacious and barbarous which will be demonstrated below.Owen uses various techniques and devices to evoke the sense of World War One. Words such as ‘beggars’, ‘children’ and ‘boys’ refers to the soldiers. In the first verse, ‘Bent double, like old beggars under sack, knocked-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed tludge’, ‘like’ indicates that it’s the use of simile and ‘old beggars’ is hyperbole of soldiers’ fatigue. ‘Knocked-knee’ is the use of alliteration. ‘His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin;’ is a visible image of the war. He depicts the pain of the death to devil by using simile. Owen uses capital letters and exclamation marks in the ninth verse, ‘Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!’. This increases the emergency and urgent of the moment. ‘As under a green sea, I saw him drowning’ is the comparison of simile and metaphor in one verse. The word ‘flung’ in the last stanza precipitates the horrendous of World War One. ‘The blood come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs’ is imagery of the death. The poet expresses death as the sound of blood flowing upstream to the throat. The use of poetic skills doesn’t just animate the scenes of World War One. It furthermore declares the barbarity of the war.Owen articulates the cruelty of the war. ‘Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; but someone stillling out and stumbling’ explains that the helmets are not enough to support every soldier. ‘Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs’ and ‘outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind’ means that bombs drop regularly that the soldiers became uncurious about it. ‘Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots but limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind’ shows the exhaustion of the soldiers from the war. ‘Behind the wagons that we flung him in’ depicts the poor treatment for one’s hero. Those five verses explain why the war is irrational. The soldier who sacrifices for his country receives unjustice treatment in extraordinary situations. Bombs occur just behind the back, but the soldiers don’t give any attention. The victims walk with lethargy which means that they don’t have much time to take a rest. Helmets are not enough to support every soldier, therefore few of them has to die in agony. After the death, the soldiers become a burden and fling in the wagon. By hiding thesgs in the verses, Owen over exaggerated the victim’s lamentation.‘Dulce et decorum est’ protests and accuses of illogical war. ‘He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning’ well shows the last agony. ‘Behind the wagon that we flung him in’ means that dead body of a victim abandons into the wagon. Moreover, reflects from the death in the war are shabby and makes worthless to fight in the war. The title ‘Dulce et decorum est pro pastria mori’ is a Latin verse which means it is sweet and honorable to die for one’s country. The poet mentions that it’s ‘the old lie’. Owen uses this verse as a vivid comparison. The war is not valuable to revoke the young man’s souls. Furthermore, by using bitter words such as ‘drowning’, the ferocity of the war increases. Owen questions the readers death in the war is really glorious and honorable. However, war can never become as significant as one’s life. Many people live in Earth, but each of them holds their own individuality and uniqueness. War is a f destroying each other. There are many other ways to deal with another then instigating a war. God bestows us a ‘life’, which is more valuable and important than any other things that exist. Thus the war is absurd.‘Dulce et decorum est’ depicts that the war is irrational and inhuman. By employing many rare and strong words, the animation of the scenes and pathetic sights of the war proliferated. ‘Dulce et decorum est’ is not just a poem about the war. Soldiers’ sacrifice, savage circumstance and position of the war and the actual meaning of the war, this poem recollects. Many precious souls are relinquished for the war. They see and experience many barbarous moments. However, ‘Dulce et decorum est’ releases the concern whether the war is valuable to receive its significance or not. War is the contention between two victims for their benefits. What they desire can never be more vital then anyone’s life. Yet, ‘dulce et decorum est pro patria mori’ is indeed a lie.(862 words) PAGE * MER 2

독후감/창작| 2013.10.15| 3페이지| 1,000원| 조회(683)

Dulce et Decorum Est, wilford owen, dulce ..

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'Speak' Book report

‘Speak’ Book Report- Term 1Book: SpeakAuthor: Laurie Halse AndersonPages: 200Term 1‘Speak’ is a 200-page novel written by Laurie Halse Anderson. ‘Speak’ is about a girl who was raped and tries to cope with her misfortune by speaking to other people. In the begging of her school year, Melinda keeps her tragic memories and isolates herself at school. Finally, she ends her year with a joyous smile. I enjoyed ‘Speak’ very much because I liked how Anderson described the characters in the book.‘Speak’ is about a girl named Melinda overcoming her unforgetable occurrence. Melinda Sordino begins her freshman year at Merryweather High School in Syracuse, with a wandering mind. Over the summer, she went to a party and Melinda ended up calling the police. As a result, she lost all of her friends including her best friend Rachel. Melinda has something on her mind but she won’t open up about it. Melinda becomes extremely disconnected due to her depression. She begins to skip school and hides away in an abandoned janitor's closet during the school day when she is feeling anxious. Her only solace is art class, where Mr Freeman encourages Melinda to express herself.The truth about Melinda’s depression comes out when Melinda’s former best friend, Rachel, begins to date Andy who raped Melinda at the party over the summer. Though she and Rachel are no longer friends, Melinda feels it’s her responsibility to tell Rachel the truth about Andy. However, Rachel does not believe Melinda’s account regarding Andy, but gradually admits the truth about him. After her confession, Melinda starts to open up her mind and become increasingly sociable. By the end of the year Melinda had made many friends.I liked reading ‘Speak’ because the way Melinda and I thought was similar. Melinda’s secret was described towards the end of book which encouraged me to read it with curiosity. ‘Speak’ was just right for me because the words and grammar used in the book wasn’t the zenith. Melinda and I were very alike about getting hurt from a small event and painful memories remaining for a long time. I would recommend this book to shy girls so they can receive inspiration on how speaking can make their lives worthwhile.

독후감/창작| 2013.10.15| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(64)

Speak, 외국인학교, Speak book report

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technology development- 외국인학교, 국제학교

Smartphone UsageIn recent years, the world’s technology has developed very fast. In the early 1980’s, the internet was developed, and in 1983, the first cell phone was made. Beginning in the late 2000’s, the smart phone gained popularity all over the world. Smart phones are portable devices that can access the internet and allow people to communicate. They are very useful and allow us to do almost anything anywhere in the world. The number of smartphone users is increasing due to the new varieties of the phones, their applications and software. But have you ever thought that the smart phone will make a problem? Have you ever heard of the smart phone addiction?Smart phones attract people because of their amazing features, making them addicted to their little device. Based on a survey in the UK by Socialnomics.com, 37% of adults and 60% of teenagers are addicted to their smart phones, equating to a figure of more than half the population of smart phone users in UK. In some cases phones can be so addictive that users can become unable to continue their accustomed lifestyles without them and he or she becomes easily irritated. Withdrawal symptoms can be similar to those that occur with substance abusers.Smart phone addiction causes a variety of problems. According to a survey by Susan Davis, 44% of UK citizens have experienced a great deal of anxiety when they have lost their smart phone. 51% of adults and 65% of teenagers in UK say they have used their smart phone while socializing with others and 51% say that they check their devices regularly during vacations. Mobile phones affect almost every aspect of addicted people’s lives, and this is becoming problematic across the globe. As a result, there are an increasing number of legislative and societal controls over cell phone uses.Smart phone addiction can cause a variety of health problems. Repetitive movements of the hand and wrist can cause CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome). Looking at a tiny screen for a long period of time can cause Asthnopia (eye pain) and bad forward head posture. A survey by Susan Daive, szeventy percent of people check their smart phone within an hour of getting up and 56% check their smart phone within an hour of going to sleep. According to study by scientists in Karolinska Institute, using a cell phone before going to bed can cause insomnia. As well as this, there are also concerns that some smart phone users incur considerable debt, and that smart phones are being used to violate privacy, and to harass others. According to statistics from the United States, cybercrime has increased due to more people having access to the internet through mobile phone usage.Some people may believe that there is no problem with society’s use of smart phones. Yes, there are some benefits of using them, such as being able to communicate with friends and family and getting hours of enjoyment from games. But is receiving these social, health and psychological problems really worth it? No, it isn’t worth it to be addicted to a smart phone. A smart phone is a cigarette. It might be pleasant to have it sometimes but occasionally, it’s addictive.It’s very easy to reduce the time you spend on your phone each day. Maintaining a good balance is the key. Discipline yourself when your phone beeps or rings. You don't always have to answer it. In fact, you can avoid temptation by turning off its alert signals. Be disciplined about not using your device in certain situations (such as when you're spending time with children, driving, or in a meeting) or at certain hours (for instance, during the night). By doing this you’ll be able to appreciate that you don’t have to be connected 24 7.Being able to be on the phone all the time is not a good thing. It is evident that spending less time connected can be better. Spending less time on your phone will allow you to do more of your work. Spending less time on phone will reduce your chances of getting health problems. Spending less time on your phone is the way to get out of the internet world and be more social with friends in person in the real world.The smart phone is not a bad device; it all depends on how you choose to use it. So, what is your choice?Thank youYoobin Lee, 9B, Term 4

인문/어학| 2013.09.05| 3페이지| 1,000원| 조회(95)

기술, Technology, 발달, English, speech, 국제학교, 영어 ..

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