미국의 불공정 무역 제한 제도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Unfair Trade Restriction System in USA)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국무역상무학회
· 수록지 정보 : 무역상무연구 / 91권 / 245 ~ 274페이지
· 저자명 : 임목삼

초록

지난 해 말 기준 우리나라는 WTO에서 규정하고 있는 다양한 수입규제의 방식 중 AD, CV, SG에 대하여 31개국으로부터 217건의 수입규제조치를 받고 있으며, 미국으로부터 총 46건 21.2%의 가장 많은 규제를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
이와 같은 수입규제조치는 수입물품의 왜곡된 가격 등으로 인하여 국내 산업 등에 피해를 초래한 경우에 취할 수 있는 무역구제제도로서, 상호주의 원칙에 입각하여 교역 당사국들이 공정하게 거래하지 아니함으로서 발생하는 피해가 구체적으로 입증될 수 있는 경우에 한해 관세의 추가적인 부과 등을 통하여 수입제한조치를 하도록 하고 있다.
본고는 미국의 불공정 무역의 제한을 위한 입법 현황과 수입규제조치를 위한 적용범위를 분석하고, 미국의 수입규제 현황과 수출입통계를 통해 향후 더욱 거세질 것으로 예상되는 수입규제에 대한 대응 방안을 모색한다.

영어초록

The United States is protecting its own industries and improving trade balance by actively utilizing the import control system recognized by the WTO and related domestic laws.
Although the US is taking the most import control measures in the world, it seems that import control measures are being taken with trade cooperation in mind, given the high rate of lifting of import restrictions.
The US is the most import restrictions on Korea.
Among the countries with a trade surplus with the US, Korea ranks 8th, but on the other hand, it is subject to many import restrictions from the US.
Korea has received a total of 35 import restrictions from the US. This is higher than the import restrictions imposed on Mexico, Japan and Germany, which have higher trade surpluses with the US than Korea.
Why is the US implementing so many import restrictions on Korea? The reason is that Korea has a trade surplus with the US and its main export items overlap with China. China accounts for 44% of the US's trade deficit and is subject to 199 import restrictions from the US.
The major items in the US trade deficit over the past 10 years are HS84(machinery), HS85(electrical equipment), HS30(medical supplies), and HS87(automobile). Although the foreign trade deficits of HS84 and HS87 are on the decline in recent years, the deficits of HS84 and HS30 are deepening. Among them, automobiles, electrical equipment, and machinery are Korea's main surplus items with the US, so it is expected that import restrictions will continue to be enforced for these industries.
The cause of the US import restrictions is sanctions for cases that place an undue burden on US industry, protection of US intellectual property rights, expansion of overseas markets for US products while promoting US economic growth, and current account balance for countries with a trade surplus with the US.
The US trade deficit has been accelerating since 2016. Since Korea is one of the 10 major countries with a trade surplus with the US, it is necessary to prepare for US import restrictions on electrical equipment, automobiles, and machinery, which are major export items to the US.
If the US implements import control measures against Korea in the future, it is necessary to take active measures such as actively calling and cooperating with the import control measures investigation authorities, and using the WTO dispute resolution procedure.
On the other hand, while urging the US to implement the trade agreement, it is necessary to converge the US position by attempting to adjust the interests of related industries from various angles. Then, it will be possible to maintain the advanced Korea-US trade relationship as in the case of allotted export quotas on steel exports.

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