프랑스 지방분권과 지방재정에 관한 연구 (A Study on Decentralisation and Financial Autonomy in France)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 단국대학교 법학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 법학논총 / 39권 / 2호 / 29 ~ 49페이지
· 저자명 : 백윤철

초록

국가형태란 국민과 국가 간의 권력배분과 국가 내부의 권력배분에 관한 형태를 의미하고, 정부형태란 국가 내부의 권력배분에 관한 형태를 말한다.
즉, 정부형태는 국가형태의 하위개념이라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 국가형태란국가와 국가 간의 비교대상으로 대외적⋅대내적 개념인데 비하여, 정부형태란 국가의 내적인 개념인 것이다. 또한 정부형태란 권력분립이 실현된 형태를 의미하고, 국가형태란 국가의 권력배분뿐만 아니라, 국민과 국가 간의관계를 설정하는 개념이다. 따라서 국가형태라 함은 국가기관 간의 권력배분과 국가와 국민 간의 권력배분형태라고 말할 수 있다.
이러한 국가형태의 개념에 따라 국가기관 간과 국가(국가기관)와 국민간에 권력이 실현되는 형태를 프랑스에서는 헌법상 ‘단일성의 원칙’에 따라서 지방자치의 유형을 분류한다.

영어초록

This is the process of transferring power to newly created institutions and is different from the act of deconcentration of power, which is the transfer of power within the same institution. This decentralisation is general in nature and impacts all policies or powers related to the territory or targeted to specific areas of public policy and government. A further manifestation of this category is the decentralisation of the Banque de France and other public bodies.
This aspect of decentralisation is geared to giving the territorial collectivities in France separate defined responsibilities and resources and to provide for the election of representatives by the inhabitants of those territories. Again this is different from deconcentration, which is when the central government aims to improve efficiency by delegating certain policy and powers to a centrally nominated representative (Prefect).
The decentralisation laws passed on 10 August 1871 and 5 April 1884 saw the attribution of powers to departmental councils and municipal councils. Until the 1982 laws the departmental councils had very limited powers and were effectively under the stewardship of the departments prefect.
The 1983 Laws (Gaston Deferre Laws) dating from 7 January[2] and 22 July defined the responsibilities of the new bodies and how they would be financed.
These laws followed the first failed attempt at decentralisation (referendum to refornm the senat and regionalisation) in 1969 by General De Gaulle.
In 2002 and 2004 the second stage of Territorial Decentralisation was set inmotion by Jean-Pierre Raffarin. The 2003 (28 March) change to the Constitution introduced the principle of financial autonomy of territorial Collectivities and saw the introduction of the words Region and Decentralisation in the French Constitution. The changes also introduced the possibility of holding local referenda and the right to petition.
The changes to the Constitution put in place the financial autonomy of the three levels of local government (commune, department and Region) and the transfer to the regions of new responsibilities in 2004 and 2005.

참고자료

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