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중국 생활 10년, 미국 생활 2년한 직장인입니다. 레포트 및 번역 위주로 작업합니다

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Should Convicted Sex Offenders’ Personal Information be Made Public? 성범죄자 신상공개 해야하나?

Should Convicted Sex Offenders’ Personal Information be Made Public?It could not have been a more ordinary day. Na-young Kim (an assumed name), an 8-year-old girl, was on her way to school during a December morning in 2008 in the city of Ansan, Korea. Doo-sun Cho (his real name), 57 years old, who has previous convictions for assault, murder and rape, was drinking alcohol on the street. As the young girl passed by him, he lured her to a toilet in a closed church. After locking the door, he smothered and beat her unconscious, then raped her six times and sexually torturing her. After the rape, he tried to destroy the evidence: he pressed down with a plunger several times over her anus in an attempt to extract his semen, which had caused serious damage to her intestines. In this process, her organs and anus were torn into one that ruined eighty percent of her colon and genital area. After she was rescued, despite undergoing five major surgical operations, she was left inflicted with a liissue throughout Korea. Many are unclear whether to delete it or not. According to this clause, felons can only receive up to 15 years’ incarceration, unless the court gives a life sentence. But that is usually only given for serial killers. Furthermore, under the name of the Seventeenth Article of the Second Chapter of the Korean Constitution—privacy, secrecy and freedom of all citizens are not infringed—people can never see the criminals’ faces no matter what they have done, unless their crime caused a gigantic sensation to the society. This relatively mild punishment only aggravated the situation. The mass media reports rape cases throughout the country at least three times a week. Therefore, some cynics are deriding the term ‘KOR,’ which are the initials for the Republic of Korea (South Korea), really represent an abbreviation for ‘Kingdom Of Rape.’ People now need to clear this stigma by making stronger punishments. We should make public sex offenders’ personal information for sevs for rape has increased 2.35 percent in the past ten years, from 89.89% in 2000 to 92.24% in 2009, but the rate of recidivism in this same decade has also increased by 81% compared to 2000, from 3,770 to 6,837 criminals. Furthermore, the rate of recidivism according to their types of previous punishment has also increased during this same period: the rate of recidivism of offenders who were suspended of indictment has increased by 50%; the rate of recidivism of offenders who were given deferred sentences has increased by 350%; the rate of recidivism of offenders who were released on parole has increased by 120%; and finally, the rate of recidivism of offenders who were sentenced to prison has even increased, by 109% percent. These surprisingly high ratios are due to lenient penalties. The death penalty is still on the books, though it hasn’t been utilized in Korea since the Clause of 42 of the Criminal Law made amendments in 1996 about criminals not be sentenced to more than 15 years.mit sexual crimes again.Priority consideration must always be given for the rights of victims, especially in Korea where penalties for felonies are relatively mild. Korea is a society based on the Confucian Idea which usually represents a form of male chauvinism. Although this thinking has almost dissipated in modern times, many people are still conscious of it. For this reason, some offenders might claim that they were seduced by the victims, and the court sometimes ridiculously decides in their favor. As a result, far from be consoled, the victims in these instances are blamed for their “seduction” which of course they didn’t actually do. The risk of something like this happening is real, and therefore many victims hesitate to file a report saying they were raped. According to research from the Korean Ministry of Justice, the rate of reporting rapes to the police was only 7.1% in 2007, compared to 80% in the United States. At only one in fourteen, it is an extremely low ratio. The res insisting that such an action was an abuse of human rights. The US Federal Court, however, declared that the protections for victims should be placed above the privacy rights of the offenders. After these new laws were enforced in these countries, most of the citizens gave them an enthusiastic welcome. The Korean Government should learn from these examples. It is time to make the right decision to publicize the sex offenders’ personal information.According to the First Article of the Thirteenth Chapter of the Korean Constitution, a panel offender cannot be punished twice in criminal law for one crime—the Prohibition of Double Jeopardy. This is one of the main points made by those people against releasing sex offenders’ personal information to the public. This prohibition, however, can only be applied to cases where a criminal might be punished in criminal law used by the Judiciary. To publicize their personal information, on the other hand, would be an administrative measure performe

인문/어학| 2012.06.06| 7페이지| 5,000원| 조회(153)

Essay, 개인정보, 영어작문, 에세이, 신상공개, 성범죄자, argument, P..

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The Connotation of Communism in South Korea

August 3, 2011The Connotation of Communism in South KoreaThe term Communism originates from the Latin word “Commune” which means common property: abolishing all private property and owning only common property by all members of society. Starting in the eighteenth century, many different views were presented on how to implement this ideology; in the mid-nineteenth century, it was finally theorized and codified by Karl Marx. Contrary to other philosophers, Marx systematized his theory based on economics. He believed that the proletarians (working people) are the only catralysts of revolution. We can only build a classless society by means of a proletarian revolution. This way of thinking is different from Socialism in terms of recognition of private property and the means of distribution of wealth: Communism denies private property whereas Socialism permits it; Communism distributes public wealth according to the social demand, while Socialism shares common wealth according to individual performances. Nowadays, however, people usually do not make a distinction between Socialism and Communism. This is because the goals of both theories—establishing an ideal society without class or poverty—are similar. In brief, according to AudioEnglish, Communism denotes “a political and economic theory favoring collectivism in a classless society.” In my country, however, people usually scoff at this definition. This is because our special historical background.In Pyongyang, North Korea, Kim Il-sung established a new government in 1948. This country was officially named the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea (DPRK) and was financially and militarily supported by the People’s Republic of China and the former Soviet Union, which were the biggest communist countries in the world at that time. Meanwhile, the Republic of Korea (ROK, or South Korea) was receiving aid from its number one ally, the United States. On June 25th, 1950, Kim Il-sung provoked the Korean War, an act that sacrificed millions of innocent people’s lives. Three years later, when both Koreas signed an armistice, the South Korean government began purging communists who had not evacuated and were settling in the country. People called them Bbalgangi which means “Commie”, and regarded them as spies who had infiltrated the country before the war. This even happened to their family members. They pointed a suspicious finger at them, tortured them, and put the blame of the war on them. Up until the 1980’s, when I was young, the government maintained an anti-communist stance in education. At that time, students were educated that all communists were our enemies and communism as a theory had failed and was obsolete. Although it is not that obvious now, this indoctrination continues to this day. People think that being called Bbalgangi is one of the most disgraceful things, and those few remaining communist countries in the world are our potential enemies. We often witness reports about suspects of communist espionage walking on the streets and using public transportation. The idea is ultra-conservative. Some supporters, especially older people who suffered through the war, define communists as evil. People who believe in conspiracy theories even insist that the suicide of former president Noh Mu-hyun (who had belonged to a liberal party and had given economic and technical assistances to North Korea) was really an assassination, and made to look like a suicide by rightists. For these reasons, the very word communism connotes an extremely negative meaning in South Korea. In spite of this, people disagree on their perspectives about what communism really is or what is really going on in North Korea. It is a serious and significant problem, one that will not be solved until after both Koreas are reunited.

인문/어학| 2011.08.16| 3페이지| 5,000원| 조회(157)

영어, Essay, 에세이, Korea, South Korea, communism, denotation

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Changes in the Wedding Ceremony in South Korea

August 10, 2011Changes in the Wedding CeremonyA man was meeting his fiancée with his parents and her family in a sumptuous restaurant in the early evening. “So, where did you buy the house for them?” the woman’s mom asked. “Real estate prices have increased too much recently. We bought a house for them in the suburbs.” his mom answered. The woman’s mom nodded with an unsatisfied look. The man’s father finally broke the silence and began to question his future in-laws about the wedding ceremony location, how many people were they inviting and how much food should be prepared, like it was his turn now to ask. This is a very common situation in Korea where two families meet and discuss about the wedding ceremony before two people get married.Up until the mid-1970’s, before the wedding ceremony was westernized, it was regarded as a rite of passage; not only noble but also lofty in our country. The wedding ceremony was always held in the bride’s house. The bride’s whole family, even their ns to the groom’s house after the wedding. The wedding ceremony begins as soon as the groom arrives. They wear traditional costumes and stand side by side on a table. The master of ceremonies, usually the oldest member of the bride’s family or the principal of the village school, announces the beginning of the wedding and all people surround them and watch. The most interesting thing is that, in the past, most marriages were of convenience or arranged, so the bride and groom usually did not see each other before the wedding. During the wedding the groom covers his face with a folding fan and the bride lowers her head as much as she can. After the wedding, the groom and bride travel from her house to his house. The bride’s family, usually women, follow the march to the entrance of the town. The bride’s mother usually cries at this time. This is because after the bride gets to the groom’s house, she can never go back to her house except when the groom’s family allows her to go. After theyes and eat western food at the wedding. People also give money to the bride and groom for show, but they all think the amount of money represents their social position. Simply put, the wedding ceremony in Korea is becoming a “show” to impress other people.In the past, the maximum number of guests at a wedding was around fifty, including family members and their neighbors. Now, however, it has changed. Each bride and groom invites not only his or her relatives, but also colleagues, classmates, friends, and even acquaintances. Therefore, the number of guests has increased to at least a hundred for each family, so almost two hundred people are invited to the wedding. The more guests come, the more the bride and groom are satisfied. They feel they are in the majority and save face after all. Some people, who can afford to spend more money, invite a popular band to play the wedding march or a nuptial song. In the past, family members and neighbors played instruments themselves for free. As ding ceremony in a small traditionally decorated room. This reception can only be attended by the families and close relatives. The bride and the groom dress in traditional clothes, known as Hanbok. They then make a Keunjeol, which is prostrating themselves in front of elders to show their respect. At the beginning, they do this for the oldest person in the family. After they finish the Keunjeol by family precedence, they kneel on the floor and listen to the words of wisdom and blessings from elders. All the adults make speeches, and then, each person gives them an envelope with some money. Today even though there is no name on the envelope, the young bride and groom usually remember who gave which envelope. They tell their parents who gave how much money so that their parents can give a similar amount of money to their friends’ children when they get married. After receiving the money, the bride and groom hold a long piece of fabric in their hands at each end all the while continuing nfinished show. This is when they visit their parents after the honeymoon.Hanbok, a Korean tradition cloth, has won high praise for its beauty many times from foreign media. Globally, it is well-known by designers and presidents of different countries who have visited Korea. Many foreigners admire its beautiful color and functionality, cool in summer and warm in winter, but to some young Koreans, it is countrified cloth. They never wear Hanbok, but instead prefer wearing suits. This also applies at the wedding ceremony. They not only don’t wear Hanbok, but are willing to hold a western style wedding and have western food. Some people now even exchange their marriage vows, a western custom, promising to their partner in a couple, and usually they write their words down on a paper, and read it to the other, which we did not have at all. Others invite a professional singer to sing an epithalamium, as they have seen in western television and movies. They think it is unthinkable to hold a wife.

인문/어학| 2011.08.16| 5페이지| 5,000원| 조회(125)

영어, Essay, 에세이, Korea, wedding, changes, South..

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(comparison essay) the iPad and the Galaxy Tab

May 3, 2011Comparing Two Dinosaur of TabletsAfter Apple achieved continual success with the iPod, the iPhone and a series of laptops, they are now trying to accomplish another success with the iPad. Since Apple launched the iPad in April of 2010, it has been greatly praised by people all walks of life. However, Samsung, which competes with Apple in the MP3, smart phone and laptop market, released their tablet PC--Galaxy Tab in November of 2010. People who prefer the Android operating system were cheering as the Tab was released. The iPad is facing a huge challenge. As the most powerful pursuer, the Tab is catching up and has created a threat to the iPad. Tablet PC is still a new device for people. It means more fashion and more convenient. Then, which one will be more appropriate for fashionable people?The iPad is more attractive on the whole view. The Tab and the iPad are different but similar in appearance. The Tab has a 7-inch screen and weighs only 0.84lbs, and is 11.98 mm thick. Ccreen. Compared with a separate button design, the iPad is more concise. Both the Tab back panel with piano white porcelain paint and the iPad back panel with the metallic feeling have their own characteristics. In the interface area, in addition to data interface and a headphone jack, which both of them have, the Tab has a Micro-SD card slot and a SIM card slot. The Tab-owned storage space can be expanded to ensure that it is more flexible and easier to upgrade than the iPad which only has fixed disk capacity.The Tab is more convenient for communication. Unlike the iPad, the Tab supports not only Wi-Fi and 3G networks but also ordinary telephone voice calls, text messages and video calling features. The Tab with the speaker can be used with a wired headset or Bluetooth headset for making calls and its text message function is like a regular phone text message function. The most attractive function is the video call feature. The Tab at the top of the screen is also a 1.3 million pixel over the Android operating system. By contrast, Apple’s operating system—iOs, does not support Flash. Although it has a bigger screen, it does not give users a PC-like web browsing experience. In specific aspects of the operation, both of them support multi-touch zoom operations, but the Tab is often rough while zooming in and out. In this regard the iPad is smoother than the Tab.The Tab has an absolute advantage in the mobile commerce aspect. The Tab supports not only Word, Excel, PPT, PDF files and other documents but also multitask background operation and Bluetooth wireless printing. It has indeed achieved the integration of phone and computer. It’s a very useful function for businessmen. The iPad is positioned at the direction of entertainment and fashion, so lacks network capacity to process something in the mobile office. Although it can be installed through iWork and other office software, the compatibility of office tools still won’t work well with the PC Windows system.In the, WMV videos and HD movies, but the iPad built-in video player supports only MP4 and MOV formats. The iPad’s visual experience is more delicate than the Tab and the color fidelity is also better. Most of all, the iPad is more attractive to people.After reviewing the features of both the Apple iPad and the Samsung Galaxy Tab, we realize that they have some different characteristics: the Tab is smaller, lighter, and more convenient for communication and supports almost every video format. In contrast, the iPad is smoother for zooming and has more applications to run.Overall, the Tab is more like a pragmatic worker. People can use it to entertain and the various functions built-in are very practical for business people who often need a mobile office, or wireless documents printing. Adding communication function makes it more versatile to achieve the function integration of mobile phone and computer. Although the Tab currently only has twenty percent of the tablet market share, its growth Tab, are totally difficult to steal market share from Apple. Also when people talk about Apple, it is always related with fashion. As fashion followers, people prefer choosing the Apple iPad.Works CitedClie701. "Comparison Specs between Galaxy Tab and the iPad." Blue ocean’s Touch Mobile. Naver, 30 Oct 2010. Web. 29 Apr 2011. ."Compare the iPad and Galaxy Tab." Pandora TV. Web. 24 Jan 2011. .Hello_Mania. "Let's compare the iPad and Galaxy Tab." Naver, 15 Nov 2010. Web. 29 Apr 2011. .Hohyung, Kang. "Galaxy Tab vs. iPad: Which One Should We Buy?." MBN News (2010): n. pag. Web. 29 Apr 2011. .Mingming, Ding. "Contrastive Analysis between Samsung Galaxy Tab and Apple iPad." IT168.com 23 Mar 2011: n. pag. Web. 29 Apr 2011. .Raphael, JR. "Samsung Galaxy Tab vs. the iPad: Compare for Yourself." PCWORLD 02 Sep. 2010: n. pag. Web. 29 Apr 2011. .Reardon, Marguerite. "Samsung takes on Apple iPad with Galaxy Tab." Cnet News 16 Sep 2010: n. pag. Web. 29 Apr 2011. ."Samsung Galaxy Tab versus Apple i .

독후감/창작| 2011.05.10| 7페이지| 5,000원| 조회(332)

Essay, comparison, iPad, galaxy, comparing

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韩美FTA对韩国汽车业的影响研究 한미FTA가 한국 자동차 업계에 미치는 영향 연구

引言1.1 概述1.1.1 背景分析近来，随着全世界各国的竞争下FTA在被扩散化，FTA起着达成世界贸易自由化的重要作用。FTA使交易当事国之间通过协商来进行国家之间的市场开放和增大交易，实现了自由的贸易，因此如今全世界国家都在争先恐后的要进入自由贸易协议（FTA）的行列里面。韩国也是把FTA视为带动21世纪出口和增长的无形的超速设施，2004年和智利签署了首次FTA，2006年2月启动了韩美FTA协商，2007年6月30日，签订了韩美FTA。韩美签订FTA除了经济原因外，还有着强烈的政治性因素。即韩国与美国签署FTA是具有国家战略的总体考虑。巩固50多年的韩美同盟是美国政府签署韩美FTA的首要考虑，而在消解韩美之间过去10年的不快和摩擦方面，韩美FTA也是大有裨益。韩美经济关系在过去的60多年里发生了翻天覆地的变化。美国试图通过韩美FTA进一步打开韩国的市场，增加对韩出口，促进本国经济增长。另外，美国通过韩美FTA加强与韩国的政治经济关系。签订FTA的韩国对于美国来说是最大的贸易国。目前韩国对美国的贸易收支为顺差，但是进出口增加率在渐渐减少。从而，韩国政府预计韩美FTA签订会给韩国对美的贸易带来很大的帮助，其中汽车业的影响可以说是最为明显的。且这正是整个美国汽车行业对韩美FTA有关汽车行业条款表示极力不满的原因。1.1.2 研究意义韩国是世界汽车工业的后起之秀，仅仅用了30余年的时间，便走完了欧美等西方发达国家百余年的发展历程。韩国通过技术引进、吸收、消化、独立设计、自我创新的发展道路，不仅创立了本国的品牌汽车，而且在国际车坛上大大提高了韩国汽车的知名度，现已成为世界第五位的汽车生产大国。并且，汽车是近年来韩国贸易顺差最大的商品。从而，很容易看出汽车业在韩国整个经济中站的比重非常大，可以说以汽车行业作为研究对象具有研究价值。在研究的过程当中，我参考了不少资料。不过与汽车业直接相关的文献并不多，只找到了一篇文章：韩国学者Goo Seon-mo在2008年《签订韩美FTA给韩国汽车业通商环境带来的影响——以现代企业为例》的研究中指出，韩美FTA使韩国对美国汽车出口将增加45.5%至58.9%，并且由于取消关税而带来的节约成本规模将达2亿美元。除此之外，根据韩国贸易协会在2007年12月公布的《韩美FTA带来的在美国市场内韩中日竞争力变化比较分析》，韩国汽车在美国市场收、汽车业部门的强烈反对，两国同在国会议会上未能获得批准。从而，韩美两国除了问题不是很大的金融业等一些服务业与造船等几类制造业领域以外全面重新进行了修改与谈判。最后韩国在汽车业上做出了让步，美国也在农业部门上做了一些让步，最后在2010年12月3日终于再次正式达成一致。但是韩美两国国内还要对这一协议进行民主表决和议会决议，韩美FTA真正生效还是需要很长的一段时间。而关于敏感的农业问题——牛肉、大米，汽车贸易问题——关税、环境标准等双方仍存在一定的分歧。表1.2 韩美FTA谈判的简单过程时间谈判内容2006.01.08卢武铉总统在新年致辞中表示，希望签署韩美FTA。2006.02.03通商交涉本部长金宗埙在美国议会上宣布正式启动韩美FTA。2006.06.05韩美举行第一次协商(华盛顿)。2007.04.03韩美FTA正式妥协。2007.06.30韩美正式签署韩美FTA。2007.07.02韩美政府公开韩美FTA内容。2008.03.05美国贸易报告敦促韩国全面开放牛肉市场。2008.04.11韩美重启牛肉进口谈判。2008.04.18韩美代表就牛肉进口谈判达成一致，决定放宽牛肉年龄限制。2008.05.20韩国明文规定美国发生疯牛病时韩方会暂停牛肉进口。2008.06.12韩国政府表示将同美国进行补充磋商2009.04.22美国国会外通委通过韩美FTA批准动议案。2010.06.26韩美在多伦多举行首脑会谈，决定在G20峰会前解决韩美FTA的分歧。2010.10.26金宗埙同美国贸易代表部(USTR)代表柯克举行会谈。2010.11.11李明博和奥巴马在首尔G20峰会上举行首脑会谈，商定尽快召开追加谈判，最终双方还是未能达成一致。2010.11.30-12.03金宗埙和柯克在美国马里兰州哥伦比亚市举行韩美经贸部长会议，就自贸协定分歧达成一致。本表来源：韩国外交通商部《FTA Press Release》，2011.01.03韩美FTA对韩美两国都意义重大。对韩国而言，这是其有史以来最大的FTA；对美国来讲，则是自1992年签署北美FTA以来规模最大的FTA，同时也是美国首次与亚洲主要经济体签署此类协定。对美国来说，韩美FTA的达成将进一步巩固两国间的经济和战略伙伴关系，有助于消除双边贸易和投资壁垒；对韩国来说，韩美FTA是一项互利的双赢协定。根据目前的谈判结果，有关汽国和欧洲市场，在美国市场中获得了巨大成功。截止2005年，韩国汽车的整体对外贸易增加了7.45%，而出口比重最大的要数北美地区，占43.3%，其中对美国汽车的出口占39.5%，美国在2004年开始已经成为韩国汽车最大的出口市场。韩国汽车是继日本之后，又一进军美国市场的亚洲国家，而韩国汽车在美国的中小车型的销售中已经稳居第二的地位。韩国对美国汽车的出口以每年平均6%左右持续增长，而美国国内的三大品牌汽车在国内的内销则是持续下滑。2008年金融危机之后，美国汽车产业遭受巨大创伤，通用汽车宣布破产保护，无疑使得美国汽车在国内的竞争力和销售额将继续下降。在2004年以后，根据韩国汽车工业协会的报告显示，韩国汽车对美国的出口正呈现逐年下降的趋势。下图3.1为韩国汽车2006-2009年间对美国的出口量示意图。图3.1 2006-2009韩国汽车对美国出口量与其增长率本图来源：《2009年韩国出口贸易统计》，韩国海关2005年韩对美汽车出口占出口总量的43.3%。而其出口增长率在2006～2009年分别降至39.9%、35.9%、27.4%、26.2%，2010年1～6月则有所回升，为27.8%。世界各大汽车企业目前想方设法扩大规模。世界汽车行业预测，2010年以后在汽车行业上只能生存前五大规模企业。在此情况下，随着FTA的扩散，世界经济圈的连接现象被深化，不拥有当地工厂的企业由于需要承担关税，而价格竞争上会处于劣势。并且当地生产的扩大能够带来销售市场的扩大作用，因此FTA生效之前能否形成当地生产基地是韩国汽车企业当务之急的事情。韩国外交通商部的《韩国汽车与汽车零部件的对美出口现状报告》中分析了2006年至2010年（预计）的韩国对美国整车出口量与当地生产量及其比重。见表3.1。表3.1 韩国对美整车出口与当地生产及其比重（辆，%）2006年2007年2008年2009年2010年整车出口693,124（74.5）667,999(72.7)598,126(71.6)449,403(68.1)500,000(52.6)当地生产236,773（25.5）250,519(27.3)237,042(28.4)210,566(31.9)450,000(47.4)合计929,897918,518835,168659,969950,000本表来源：韩国外交通商部FTA履行组2010年12月5汽车业的税收及其他非税收经济政策都相对比较宽松。从生产情况来看，韩美FTA签署以后，韩国将不仅仅在中小车型方面能够实现生产规模的扩大，在豪华车方面由于关税限制的减弱，也能够扩大生产规模，形成规模优势。这对韩国汽车来说无疑是绝好的消息。通过形成规模生产之后，韩国能够通过规模生产降低成本，将这一部分费用集中于质量的提升和零部件的提升中，能够有效形成生产的竞争优势。从营销情况来看，韩美FTA签署以后，韩国在美国国内增设4S店、广告宣传和投资建厂等行为将不再受到关税的限制，因此韩国在美国的营销活动等活动将降低很大一部分的费用。这些费用同样会转化为韩国汽车销售的利润。没有了对营销活动的限制，韩国将能够通过与日本、美国本土企业、欧洲等国家同等竞争，利用营销的方式提高销售额度。第三，出口模式会改变。从出口模式来看，韩国汽车企业为了能够获取进入美国的准许，以前一直是采用在美国生产制造的方式进行，人力成本和管理费用都非常高。而在韩国国内，汽车企业主要通过进口零部件、整车组装的方式进行生产和出口，缺乏自身的核心技术和零部件生产能力。在韩美签署FTA之后，韩国的主要出口模式将是国内流水线生产，整车出口，同时进行美国当地生产销售。不必再利用与国外企业的合资、销售的周转等方式比过关税，从而节省大量的上市周期，为汽车企业的竞争获得极大优势。5.2韩美FTA对美国汽车出口的影响韩美FTA签署以后，韩国与美国国内就一直持续着反对派与赞成派的争论声音。在2010年3月20日，韩国和美国最终签署了韩美FTA协议中，韩国将在5年内取消对美国3000cc以下排量成型的进口关税，在5-10年内取消或减免在3000cc以上车型的进口关税。目前美国进口汽车关税仅为2.5％，即便是能达成对韩国有利的协商，5年内美国废除汽车进口关税，韩国每年也仅可以降低0.5％的价格。以出口2万美元的中型车来说，韩美签署FTA之后，韩国在汽车成本方面一年不过下降约1,000美元（10万韩元）而已。设想一下，价格下降10万韩元左右，对韩国在美国的汽车市场的价格竞争基本没有什么影响。而相反对美国来说，韩国以往对汽车的关税政策基本上是铜墙铁壁，美国汽车出口韩国的税率在8%以上，因此如果韩国减免关税或是降低关税的话，对美国汽车出口韩国来说无疑是一笔巨大的费用的节省。另一方面美国出口韩国的个人轿车主要是大型和豪华型，排量一般都比较高。这种车韩国汽车为了能够打入欧洲和美国的市场，基本上是通过价格战争的方式进入的。价格下降必然会导致选用的原材料的质量会有所区别，也因此韩国车辆美国购买者的眼中一向是买二手车的人的选择。因此韩国汽车在质量方面的竞争优势也不如美国。从性能方面来看，韩国汽车的整车性能一般比较单一，没有太多的概念性车型和新科技车型，与美国日本等国家的汽车性能相比，显得比较“单薄”。例如美国大型的汽车生产制造企业在一年之内要最少推出5款新车型，其中主要推出的还是性能上的更新和外观上的更新，比如绿色环保车型，车灯的技术创新，内置设计、动力系统等等。但是韩国每年平均推出新车型是在3个以上，推新的速度很慢，就可以说明韩国在车车次那个能方面的研发能力不足。第四，韩国与美国的反对派的阻挠。韩国国内民主党和部分议员对韩美FTA的协议存在很大的反对意见，认为韩国与美国进行FTA是将韩国悬于赔率极高的砝码中。尤其是对汽车行业的FTA的反对声浪一直很大，认为韩美签订FTA对韩国汽车行业不是利好而是打击。在美国国内也有很多的反对声音。美国很多人是分析，及时施行了汽车方面的FTA，美国在韩国汽车市场获得的利润将远远不及韩国在美国市场上获得的，这不是一个对等的贸易协议，因此美国对韩国汽车的进入并不热衷。韩美签署FTA对韩国汽车业来说，不仅仅是一种机遇，同时也意味着风险。韩国如果不能通过有效的措施提升韩国汽车的竞争优势和销售额，韩国汽车将面临美国汽车的极大冲击，而如果善用FTA，发挥和提升企业的核心竞争力和技术水平，FTA将为韩国的汽车企业提供最大的发挥平台。加强韩国汽车产业的建议FTA的签署既是对韩国汽车企业的挑战也是韩国汽车企业的一次机遇。在挑战和机遇并存的环境下，只有加强韩国汽车的经济政策，才能保证韩国汽车的竞争优势。6.1改善经营环境据世界银行和旗下民间金融公司---国际金融公司（IFC）对全球155个国家的汽车企业经营环境进行调查的结果显示，韩国居第27位。据世界汽车发展协会公布的《汽车企业经营环境》中称，最适合汽车企业经营的国家和地区前十位依次是新加坡、美国、中国、加拿大、挪威、澳大利亚、香港、丹麦、英国、日本。将有关汽车企业经营环境的10个方面的规定进行指数化的该调查中，韩国在国际贸易方面居第13位、合同安全方面居第15位、商业许可方面居第18位、关税政策和金融政策方面分别居第67位，和第54位。从经营管理环境

학위논문| 2011.05.10| 22페이지| 30,000원| 조회(563)

한국, 미국, 자동차, 영향, 연구, 韩国，美

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