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[영문 에세이 comparison and contrast] Essay (comparison and contrast)

Single Verses Multi: Is There Really A Difference?Many of you, at least sometime in your life, have probably seen small airplanes flying through the sky. Have you ever wondered if there is a difference between single-engine aircraft and multi-engine aircraft? For the purpose of this paper, a single-engine aircraft is defined as one having only one engine and a multi-engine aircraft as one having two engines. In fact, when was the last time you saw an airliner or a picture of one that only had one engine? Chances are, you've probably never seen one like that before and there's a reason for that. Between the two types, there are significant differences in performance, safety, and cost.Single-engine aircraft are the primary means of pilot training for anyone learning to fly. This is similar to some general education classes some of you might be taking. Normally you start out with the basics of the topic and then get more advanced as the class progresses. In terms of performance, most singinite advantage of this type of aircraft is shorter runway distance usage for takeoff and landing. However, there are high performance single-engine aircraft which can cruise at higher airspeeds. According to Rod Machado, "A high performance airplane is an airplane having more than 200 horsepower". Single-engine aircraft are safer than most people think. As stated by Richard L. Collins, "Certainly engines can quit, day or night, but the risk here turns out to be pretty small". Most of the few engine failures that do occur do so because of something that the pilot could have prevented. If an engine failure were to occur the airplane virtually becomes a glider and you have to pick the safest area to land within gliding distance. The cost of maintaining a single-engine is definitely less than that of a multi-engine aircraft due to having only one engine. Rental rates are also cheaper, averaging approximately from $45 to $100 per hour. Rates for high performance aircraft are approximately used for more advanced pilot training and are especially used for commercial operations. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, “The term 'multi-engine' pertains to the propeller-driven airplane having a maximum certificated gross weight of less than 12,500 pounds, and which has two reciprocating airplane engines mounted on the wings". Singles provide a faster means of transportation than traveling by car, likewise, multi-engine aircraft travel at speeds well above singles. The average speed for multi-engine aircraft ranges from approximately 160 miles per hour and up. Conversely, with higher speeds, more runway distance is used than in singles. I'm sure that some of you have boyfriends or male friends, maybe even you yourself, that like high speed vehicles. If so, you can understand why this increase in speed might be a factor in choose which type to fly. Along with the added performance come added safety margins that are potentially offered by having two engines (Robson xvas the pilot handles the situation correctly, the aircraft should make it to the nearest place to complete a safe landing. On the other hand, if both engines fail, you are in the same situation as in a single-engine aircraft. Once again, engine failures can be prevented most of the time. In contrast to single-engine maintenance costs, multi-engine costs are quite a bit higher. This is due to having two engines. The average rental rate for multi-engine aircraft is $130 per hour and up. This cost can well exceed that of single-engine aircraft.As you can see, there are definitely differences to take into consideration when choosing between single-engine and multi-engine aircraft. Between these two types, there are differences in performance, safety, and cost. Some of you may be wondering, how come you can't just add a bigger engine onto an aircraft instead of having two engines? In fact, it is true that if you want to lift more pounds, you must either install a larger engine or add one. D always just increase the engine size. If you were to keep increasing the engine size you would increase the drag so much that the whole purpose of doing this would be defeated. Therefore, when deciding between single and multi-engine aircraft, you should take into consideration your purpose in using the aircraft. This explains why you never see an airliner with one engine. Choosing between the types may be easy when it comes down to safety and performance, but not when it comes to cost. Be sure to consider all factors, in order to make a wise decision.Works CitedCollins, Richard L. "IFR flying at night." FLYING Jan. 2001: 68-71Gardner, Bob. The Complete Multi-Engine Pilot. 2nd ed. Newcastle, WA: Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc., 1999Machado, Rod. Rod Machado's Private Pilot Handbook. San Clemente, CA: The Aviation Speakers Bureau, 1996Robson, David. Transition To Twins: Your First Multi-Engine Rating. Newcastle, WA: Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc., 2000U.S. Department of Transp99.

인문/어학| 2004.10.29| 3페이지| 1,000원| 조회(1,065)

Essay, 영어에세이, comparison, contrast

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[미시경제] 기회비용 프리젠테이션

Suppose new ways of making clothes are discovered that . . .take the same amount of labor to produce more clothes in a given amount of timetake less labor to produce the same amount of clothes in a given amount of time

경영/경제| 2004.10.29| 30페이지| 1,000원| 조회(302)

경영학, 경제학, 미시경제, 기회비용, Opportunity

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[ Comparison and Contrast] 영작문 English Essay

Sucralose vs. SteviaThe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) studies indicate that the average American eats an excess of 64 pounds of added sugar per year, and the average teenage boy eats at least 109 pounds per year. Added sugar includes cane and beet table sugar, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, glucose, honey, and others. Marion Nestle, chair of the Department of Nutrition and Food Studies at New York University and managing editor of the 1988 Surgeon General's Report on Diet and Health, said, Because sugary foods often replace more healthful foods, diets high in sugar are almost certainly contributing to osteoporosis, cancer, and heart disease. What is the answer to the steady rise of added sugar consumption in America? Artificial sweeteners appear to be a healthy alternative, but how safe are they? Sucralose and stevia, two sugar replacements available on the market, are familiar options in some households, and, therefore, would be advantageous to the conse).A large British sugar refiner, Tate & Lyle, discovered sucralose in 1976; and in 1980, agreed to develop sucralose with Johnson & Johnson, the largest health care company. McNeil Specialty Products Company was formed by Johnson & Johnson to commercialize sucralose. In 1991, Canada was the first nation to approve its use. Seven years later, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the artificial sweetener, sucralose, to become an additive ingredient in a wide variety of food products, diet RC cola being the first. It is still scrutinized in several countries until further tests have been performed.A small group of diabetic patients are among the very few published human safety studies of sucralose. After using the sweetener, the patients showed a marked increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbalC). This increase could attribute to a decrease in the control of diabetes. Animal research (mice, rats, and rabbits) has revealed numerous problems with sucralose use, su This absorption settles in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Sucralose is broken down into small amounts of 1, 6-dichlorofructose, a chemical, which has not been adequately tested in humans. The FDA concedes that the sweetener "is produced at an approximate purity of 98%"; however, the remaining 2% contains such substances as arsenic, methanol, and lead. Is there an alternative to such a potentially dangerous product?Stevia, on the other hand, is derived from the leaves of a natural growing plant that thrives in South America. It is calorie free and 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose.The leaves of the stevia plant have sweetened the medicines and teas of the local Indians for as far back as the sixteenth century. The natives referred to the plant as Caa-Hee, which translates to honey leaf. Stevia leaves were also used as a digestive aid and a topical salve to heal wounds. The early white settlers later referred to the plant as Yerba Dulce, which means sweet herb, and alsoto use it in their teas. Then, in 1991, the FDA declared that stevia was an unsafe food additive and banned it altogether. The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) asserted that stevia was a food with a long history of safety, not an unsafe food additive. The AHPA petitioned the FDA and, in 1995, the ban was lifted for its use as a nutritional supplement; however, not as a sugar substitute or sweetener.Research studies affirming the safe use of stevia have been conducted by Rebaudi in 1900, by Kober in 1915, and by Pomaret and Lavieille in 1935. There are no reported cases of toxicity in stevia, and according to clinical research, can actually increase glucose tolerance levels, while decreasing blood sugar levels. In other words, blood sugar levels are not spiked (causing high energy), and then dropped (resulting in low energy), which makes it safe for diabetic and hypoglycemic patients. Stevia stimulates the pancreas, whereby assisting digestion. Three studies conducted by Purde clearly worlds apart when comparing the derivation, history, and scientific findings. Sucralose manufacturers allege that their product is natural and safe enough for diabetics; however, research has proved otherwise. Stevia is apparently the safest and healthiest alternative to sugar, and, ironically, is the least recognized in America. Both sweeteners are readily available in grocery and/or health food stores. The choice ultimately lies with the consumer’s personal taste.Works CitedHealthWorld Sweeteners. Online. Available http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/kitchen/foods/NaturalSweetener.aspDC Nutrition. Online. Available http://dcnutrition.com/news/Detail.CFM?RecordNumber=290Johnson, Jr., Dr. R. Elton. Presentation Article. November 6, 1990. Available http://www.holisticmed.com/sweet/stv-ej.txtThe Sucralose Toxicity Information Center. Online. Available http://www.holisticmed.com/splenda/The Stealth Virus Support Group. Online. Available http://groups.yahoo.com/group/TheStealthVirusSups/

인문/어학| 2004.10.28| 4페이지| 1,000원| 조회(756)

Essay, English, comparison, contrast, Sucral..

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[영작문] 영작문

Energy-Yielding NutrientsHow many of you ate breakfast this morning? If you did, did you notice you felt more energetic? Energy is what gives us the power to accomplish everyday things like going to school, playing video games, and using our brains. Energy is measured in a unit called a calorie. According to the book Nutrition Concepts and Controversy, a calorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise a gram of water one degree Celsius (Sizer and Whitney 8). We all need to eat some type of food to get this energy. When we eat food we get things called nutrients. Many of you have already taken a health class in school and learned about nutrients in food. Nutrients are parts of food that our bodies need to function normally. The six nutrients are carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, vitamins, and minerals. Of these six nutrients, three are energy-yielding-that is they provide energy for your body. The three energy-yielding nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.Carbohydrates provide the main source of energy for the body. According to nutrition expert Sheldon Margen, carbohydrates are the best energy source because the body breaks them down very fast (12). There are many different carbohydrates scientists have found, but for this discussion we will use table sugar to define a carbohydrate. Many of you athletic boys and girls have probably been told by your coaches to load up on carbohydrates before a game. One gram of carbohydrates contains four calories of energy. That may not seem like a lot of energy to you, and it's not. That is why we must eat so many carbohydrates to get energy. There are no substitutes for the energy we get from carbohydrates. The media has been saying that you can get all of the energy you need from multi-vitamins and diet pills, but that is not true. The main sources of carbohydrates are sugars and starches. Almost any type of food you eat contains carbohydrates. Pop and candy bars are full of carbohydrates. Snickers candy bar is one that you probably know. One Snicker has 35 grams of carbohydrates. It contains a lot of carbohydrates, but it also has a lot of fat.You may think of fat as an evil enemy that makes you look like Chris Farley or gives you a heart attack, but fat is really a good thing if you just don't eat too much. Fat provides nine calories of energy per gram - the most amounts of all the energy-yielding nutrients, but according to The Wellness Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition fat is the toughest nutrient for our body to break down and get energy from. It is really stored energy waiting for you to run out of carbohydrate energy (Margen 12). For example, let's say you play volleyball for an hour. In the first thirty minutes, you are only using carbohydrates for energy. After that thirty minutes, all of the fast burning carbohydrates would be gone, so your body would start burning fats. If you were a couch potato that never ate any food with fat, you could still become fat because carbohydrates and protein change to fat when they are unused.Protein is the nutrient that we get the least amount of energy from. It's kind of like the title of that Papa Roach song, "Last Resort." Protein has the same amount of calories per gram as carbohydrates - four. Wouldn't you think that protein would give us the same amount of energy as carbohydrates? Well, it doesn't. Nutrition experts, Frances Sizer and Eleanor Whitney, say protein has other jobs that it must do in the body before it gives energy (190). Protein can be found in any type of meat. You boys and girls that don't eat meat can get enough protein from peanuts or soybeans.We get all of our energy from energy-yielding nutrients. The three nutrients that provide energy are carbohydrates, fat, and protein. They give us energy to do our daily activities. Carbohydrates are the best source of energy because they break down quickly. Fats are the second best source of energy because they are reserved energy that is harder to break down. Proteins are the "Last Resort" for energy because they have more important jobs.Works CitedMargen, Sheldon. The Wellness Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition. Ed. University of California at Berkeley. New York: Rebus, 1992.Sizer, Frances and Eleanor Whitney. Nutrition Concepts and Controversy. 7th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth, 1997.

인문/어학| 2004.10.28| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(347)

Essay, 영작문, English, energy, Nutrients

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[영문학] English essay

ChiWhat is the life moving force that allowed you to get up and out of bed this morning? Why were you able to grab your morning cup of coffee and dash out the door? Science says that the food digested into the body releases energy (caloric heat), which powers our cells, enabling our nerves to fire and muscles to contract. This explains the process, but how does this process occur? When the body dies, we cannot simply thrust a three-course meal into it and expect it to rise and walk again. What is this electromagnetic energy that flows through the, otherwise lifeless, human body? Some authorities refer to this energy as the spirit or psyche? The Chinese theory of chi (pronounced chee) best describes this mysterious phenomenon. Chi, although null of a literal English translation, is the universal cosmic breath apparent in all life in the form of movement.Chi flows through the human body very similar to blood. The chi (blood) is concentrated in seven areas along the center of the body called chakras (pronounced shock-rahs). The root of the word chakra means wheel. However, for this essay’s purpose, chakra will be referred to as a vortex, a spinning wheel of energy. Each chakra is associated with a specific color and bodily function. These centers draw energy from its surroundings and incorporate that energy for use within the body. A continuous recharge of energy is needed to prevent the body from exhaustion. Visualization of the color associated with a specific chakra is used to enhance meditation, thereby replenishing the chakra areas. For example, the sixth chakra (also known as the third eye) is located at the center of the forehead, slightly above eye level. The color association is indigo (dark bluish-purple) and the function is insight, intuition, and inspiration. In order to receive more inspiration and become more intuitive, one would meditate on an indigo vortex at the third eye.The chi energy branches out from each chakra, similar to blood vessels, and flows into several meridians, which run along the head, torso, arms, and legs. The fourteen meridians, or channels, are the energetic pathways, which transport chi flow from the inner (center) of the body to the outer lying areas. Each meridian is identified according to the organ or system that they are most connected to, but the actual pathway runs throughout the body. Various healers, i.e. acupuncturists, use meridian points along the external body to treat deficiencies or excesses in the corresponding organs. For example, to treat a lung problem, the healer would apply the chosen method of healing, i.e. acupuncture needles, to the lung meridian, which originates in the upper chest (near the lungs) and runs down the arm to the thumb.Smaller channels (likened to blood capillaries) branch off from the meridians, carrying chi energy, ultimately giving nourishment to each cell. Chi is not, however, contained within the shell of the physical body. It typically extends at least four inches, and up to three feet, outside the skin. This is called the chi energy field. Two humans, when in a loving state, can experience this as warmth when their bodies are close to one another. On the other hand, the field can turn ice cold between the same two individuals during a tense argument.While blood transports oxygen and food nutrients through the blood stream to nourish the physical body, chi energy transmits emotions, thoughts, inspirations, and life dreams, connecting our physical body to our soul’s existence. It might be difficult for some to comprehend; similarly difficult is how sound works. According to the Merriam-Webster On-Line Dictionary, sound is mechanical radiant energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a material medium (as air) and is the objective cause of hearing. Scientifically, sound is possible to explain; yet it is still perplexing to comprehend when we listen to the radio or watch television. Whether we are conscious of it or not, the cycle of chi, arising and vanishing, is in every aspect of movement in life. Tomorrow morning when you jump up out of bed and rush out of the house, grabbing that cup of coffee, remember that it is the life force of chi, not the caffeine, coursing through your veins.

인문/어학| 2004.10.28| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(457)

Essay, 영문학, English, 에세이

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