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논어

공자의 ‘논어’를 읽고..1. 學而不思則罔 학이불사즉망배우고 나서 생각하지 않으면 얻는 것이 없다.오늘 날 교육의 질과 나의 학업은 input과 out으로 평가된다. 지식을 최대한 받아들이고, 그것을 지혜로써 배출시키는 것이 교육의 목적이자 행위라고 할 수 있는데, 그 가운데에서 지식을 지혜로 이어주며 ‘쓸 수 있게’ 만들어 주는 것이 ‘사고’ 하는 것이다. 주입식 세뇌의 장점도 있겠지만, 앞으로 살아가며 자주적인 주체로 배운 것을 활용하며 살아가려면, 논리적으로 창의적으로 생각하는 습관을 가져야 할 것이다. 단편적인 예로, OECD 가입국가들은 3년에 한번씩 16세 청소년을 대상으로 PISA라는 학업성취도 평가를 치른다. 세계 상위권에는 핀란드와 대한민국이 언제나 머물지만, 이 후의 행로에 대해서는 전혀 다른 행태를 보인다. 우선 핀란드의 아이들은 자기가 배운 바를 바탕으로 끊임없는 사고 후에, 스스로의 길을 ‘개척’해 나가며 ‘선택’을 하는 삶을 산다. 반면, 주입식 교육에서 멈춰진 대부분의 한국의 아이들은 자기가 받은 교육과 성적에 맞춰 만들어진 길을 나아갈 뿐이다. 지식과 지혜는 엄연히 다른 것이다.2. 益者三友友直友諒友多聞 익자삼우 우직 우량 우다문유익한 벗 3종류는 정직한 사람, 성실한 사람, 견문이 풍부한 사람이다.3. 無友不如己 무우불여기자자기보다 못한 사람을 친구로 삼지 마라.이 두 가지 공자의 말씀에서 모순을 느낀다. 공자가 제시한 3가지 조건을 가진 ‘유익한 벗’을 찾았다고 가정하자. 그러나 내가 그보다 정직하지 않고, 조금 덜 성실하며, 견문이 부족하면, 공자의 두 번째 말씀처럼 과연 나를 친구로 받아줄 수 있을 것 인가? 그렇다면, 우리는 정직하고 성실하며 견문이 풍부하되, 나와의 수준은 그다지 차이 나지 않는 비슷한 사람을 만날 수밖에 없는 것인가. 서로 다른 수준의 사람을 만나 배움을 얻고 줄 수 있는 기회는 애초에 헛된 일인가.4. 無可無不可 무가무불가옳은 것도 그른 것도 없다.전적으로 동감이 가는 말씀이다. 너도 옳고 나도 옳고, 진리가 판치는 요즘 세상에 정답이 어디에 있으랴. 내가 알고 있는 것이 답이 아닐 수도 있다는 의심은 놓지 말아야 할 것이다. 그런 이유로, 나와 다른 견해를 무조건적으로 타박하지는 말아야 할 것이며, (예를 들어 정치, 경제, 종교, 사회이념 등등) 중립의 위치를 사수하여 여러 각도로 살펴보는 습관을 길러야 할 것이다. 진취, 진보라든지, 향상, 보수, 고전, 정통의 한계적 컨셉에서 벗어나 언제든 받아들일 준비의 자세를 가진 자만이 진정으로 깨어날 수 있을 것이다.5. 愼其獨也 신기독야홀로 있을 때 삼간다.누구든 과시욕은 있다. 남에게 ‘보여줌’ 으로써 스스로의 만족과 쾌감을 얻는다. 보여주기 위해 공부를 하고, 번지르르한 외면을 뽐내기 위해 치장하고, 교양을 쌓으며 가꾸는데, 그렇게 함으로써 점점 거짓투성이가 되고 스스로 의문을 갖게 된다. ‘그것은 과연 진정 나의 모습인가?’ 사람의 진정한 미는 너의 눈이 즐겁기 위해 순간적으로 꾸며진 모습에서 나오는 것이 아니라, 항상 평소에 갈고 닦아야 하는 것으로, 오히려 홀로 있을 때를 조심하여 방심하지 않고 끊임없이 수양 했을 때, 진정으로 참된 자신만의 인성이 되고, 성품이 되는 것이다. 잘나가고 멋져 보이는 사람이 되기 위해서 인스턴트식으로 급하게 공부한 어학점수, 흥미 적성과는 거리가 먼 각종 자격증, 마음에서 우러나오지도 않는 봉사활동 따위의 스펙 쌓기가 아니라, 내가 진정 원하는 것, 내가 정말 잘하는 것, 그리고 스스로 충족시킬 수 있는 도덕적 소양을 쌓아야 할 것 같다.6. 묘이불수자유의부, 수이불실자유의부: 싹이 있으나 꽃을 피우지 않는 경우가 있고, 꽃은 피우나 열매를 맺지 않는 경우가 있다.재능이나 능력은 충분히 활용되고 그 영향이 빛을 발할 때 비로소 그 가치가 인정된다. 사람은 누구나 각자의 재주가 있기 마련이다. 물론 그 범위가 뛰어나게 비상하다거나 혹은 상대적으로 미미하여 보일지 언정, 분명한 것은 태어난 모두에게 그 것은 존재한다는 것이다. 미리 발견하여 일구고 돋구는 사람이 있는가 하면, 전혀 인지하지 못하고 그대로 묻혀서 썩히는 일도 빈번하다. 게다가, 게으름 혹은 자만 때문에 열매를 맺고자 하는 의지가 탈락된 이들도 있다. 이 얼마나 안타까운 일인가. 그러므로 무한한 발전을 염두 하여 두고 계속 탐구하여야 한다. 우리가 가진 씨앗은 무언가를 품고 있음에 틀림이 없다.7. 익원이우기인: 미워하는 마음을 숨기고 그 사람과 친구한다.미워하는 마음의 최고의 복수는 무엇일까. 일반적인 앙갚음의 복수란 것은 또 다른 미워함, 배척, 복수 그리고 피해 등의 반복된 생성일 뿐이다. 나를 미워하는 상대방. 내가 미워하는 상대방. 설령 진심은 아닐지더라도, 그 상대방에게 선함의 가면을 쓰고 다가가 본다. 행위는 미워하는 상대에게 직접 가하지는 않는다. 다만 보여주는 것이다. 나는 당신에게 도덕적인 사람이고, 나는 당신에게 도움을 주는 사람이고, 나는 당신에게 가르침을 주는 사람이라고 . 그리하여 마침내 나는 상대로부터 존경을 얻게 될 것이고 그 것으로 인하여 상대를 미워하는 나의 미움의 마음은 또한 같이 흐트러질지니.8.기왕불구: 이미 지나간 일은 어쩔 도리가 없다.어쩔 수가 있을까. 타임머신이 가능한 SF필름도 아니고, 일은 행해졌고, 시간은 이미 저만치 흘러갔던 것을. 자신의 의지로 선택한 결정이었던 만큼, 후회도 스스로의 몫이다. 다만 이러한 상황을 의미있게 간직하고 싶다면, 과거로부터 배워 미래에는 같은 실수를 반복하지 않는 것뿐. 역사를 바꿀 수는 없지만, 미래는 창조 가능한 일일지도.

독후감/창작| 2013.07.12| 3페이지| 1,000원| 조회(177)

독후감, 철학, 논어, 교양인

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영어 발표 잘하는법 영어 프레젠테이션 what makes good presentation?

WHAT MAKES A GOOD PRESENTATION?It isn¨t easy to speak in English in front of strangers. Here are some suggestions to make your presentation goes well.To make a good presentation, using proper languages, making a good structure and body language including eye contact are important. Normally the structure of presentation is divided into 4 parts with introduction, main body, conclusion and question time. During the presentation, body language and eye contact are important in terms of communicative skills to audience. It helps people to understand with effective expressions and attraction of attention. There are also various kinds of signpost expressions for each part of presentation. Before start the introduction part, speakers introduce the presentation first with some following expressions: ｀Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen¨, ｀The topic of my presentation today is..¨, ｀Today I am going to talk about・¨, ｀If you have any questions, I would be happy to answer these at the end of the presentation.¨. Then the introduction part combines giving background information to the topic. It also give an overview of the presentation with cues to organisation such as ｀This presentation will deal with three main points・¨, ｀My presentation is divided into three main sections・¨, ｀First of all I will・ then I will move on to examine・ and finally..¨. Secondly, transition expressions and referring to visual aids are often used in main body part. Common used languages are, for example, ｀Moving on to the next point¨, ｀Now I¨d like to look at..,¨, ｀The third area which needs to be considered is・¨, ｀And finally, my last point is・¨, ¨As you can see..¨ , ｀From this chart/table/graph, it is clear that・¨. These languages help to give a direction of the presentation and predict contents by audience. Finally, concluding is necessary to summarise whole contents or idea. To sum up, the speakers use verbal and nonverbal cues to indicate the introduction of ideas, a topic, the conclusion of an idea and the intended organisation. Listeners depend on these cues to follow the presentation.

인문/어학| 2013.07.04| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(231)

영어, 영어 발표, 영어 프레젠테이션, 발표 화법

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전쟁과 소년병 그리고 아프리카 시에라리온 특별볍원과 우간다의 처벌 현황 How successful is the Special Court for Sierra Leone as a model for preventing children being child soldiers in conflict area?

1How successful is the Special Court for Sierra Leone as a model for preventing children being child soldiers in conflict area?: Comparison with Uganda caseCONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION ・.・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・32. LITERATURE REVIEW ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・.32.1 OVERVIEW ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..32.2 THE CASE OF CONFLICTS AND RESULT1) CAUSES ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・4a. THE HUGE DEBT ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..5b. THE CONFLICT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・5c. RACIAL TENSIONS ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..5d. THE SUPPLY OF WEAPONS FROM DEVELOPED NATIONS ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..62) RESULTS: BAD INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..6A. A WAR ORPHAN AND CHILD SOLDIERS PROBLEM ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・.6B. LOSS OF BASIC EDUCATION ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..6C. YOUNG PEOPLE JOINING REBEL FORCES DUE TO LACK OF JOB ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・..72.3 EXPECTED REGIMES FOR SOLUTION・・・・・・・・・・・・・・as child soldiers, some facts are discussed what made a lack of education and how this effects on social development and young people who joins rebel forces because of low condition of job. Finally the role of international society will be mentioned.2.2 THE CAUSE OF CONFLICTS AND RESULT2.2.1 CAUSESWhen we look at the basic cause of civil war, past occidental colonial policy¨s influence has exist. Most of these countries which have conflicts have experienced colonisation. After the 2nd world war they gained independence. However, it was just independent on paper. Western powers have put their army in nations to control economy and politics in the name of security and peacekeeping. All base materials and natural resources are supplied to Europe markets and they do not allow to trade with other countries without permission. This is a major part of the reason why African countries are hard to develop and cause of poverty and conflict. The more western powers force the governments, the morend sexual slaves not only for combatants. (The global poverty public awareness project 2011) Moreover, light weapons such as a semi-automatic rifle AK47 are inexpensive and easy to trade illegally. It has been developed to be used by child soldiers. These benefits bring children get involved in conflict. (Alexandra 2002)b. Loss of Basic EducationEducation provides knowledge to people to adapt to society successfully. However in Africa normal education system could not take root due to frequent conflicts, weak administration and lack of labour population. Civil war destroyed schools, made the lack of number of teachers and forced children to work and child soldiers instead of learning opportunity. Lee (2010) said that actually over 30% of children in Africa cannot go to school, even a primary school, although they enter a school it happens often children quit. By Disappearance of education, knowledge for development will not be delivered and it will also have a bad influence on Africa¨sd armed groups also had liability. (David 2008)5. DISCUSSIONSpecial Court for Sierra Leone has a significant meaning historically. The intention of establishment the special court was not so much different as the other projects for preventing children from being soldiers and punishment offenders however, it is clear true that the process of investigation was the most important part for breaking through 9so that it could produce successful results. In this section, it will be discussed about particular significance of Special Court for Sierra Leone and the reason why this important is, comparing with a case of Uganda where is in a difficult situation of punishment of draft child soldiers.5.1 THE SIGNIFICATION OF SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONESpecial Court for Sierra Leone shows how the cooperation between international society and governments important is. The regimes from international organisations such as United Nations (UN) and International Criminal Court (ICC) would be a good way on of the research it-self is indirect, even though comparison and analysis are practicable, it is needed to figure out the local situation and each specific case for applicability the theory.7. CONCLUSIONAlthough international society has made up the agreement of norms for children¨s rights, it is hard to be observed. Especially, in armed conflict areas, legal conscience is hardly anticipated to rebel forces and corrupt politicians. Young people are often used as targets or instruments in conflicts. This phenomenon that children joined in wars must be changed by proper societal concept. The perception about infringement of children¨s rights should be understood by international community. In addition, local norms and value systems understood by local community will contribute children protection and reintegration for social adjustment with international humanitarian law. If anyone runs count to the law banning the recruitment of children into the armed forces, of course it is the viol

사회과학| 2013.07.04| 13페이지| 3,000원| 조회(235)

전쟁, 아프리카, 분쟁, 처벌, 소년병, 시에라리온, 우간다, 특별법원

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아프리카 빈곤,분쟁 그리고 아이들(소년병) The rerlations between poverty, conflict and children

The Relation between Poverty, Armed Conflicts and Children in AfricaCONTENTS1. Introduction2. The Cause of Conflicts and Result1) Causesa. The Huge Debtb. The Conflict of Natural Resourcesc. Racial Tensionsd. The Supply of Weapons from Developed Nations2) Results: Bad Influence on Societya. A War Orphan and Child Soldiers Problemb. Loss of Basic Educationc. Young People Joining Rebel Forces due to lack of job3. Conclusion1. IntroductionStudying education and International development, I have become interested on human rights. Especially I have focused on children’s welfare. It is hard to believe that there are still a lot of children who are abused in the world wide. In this literature review I will talk about one of the biggest problem about conflict and the relationship between the conflict, poverty and children suffering.It will be divided largely into 3parts. Firstly, I will analyse the complex causes of conflict such as the huge debt problem, the conflict of natural resources, thenments, the more political opponents and a corrupt regime increased. Rebel forces who against powerful nations’ ideology and corrupted government that acquired resources from their countries to seize the power. It led to dictatorship and intensified the ideological conflict between tribes, cultures and religions. (Alcinda 2005) More causes brought the result of conflict and these results brought other conflicts again. Namely, all facts which are tangled raise a never-ending various circle. Following factors are the further main causes of conflicts in Africa.a. The Huge DebtIn 1960~80 Africans dictators got a huge amount of loan under the pretext of economic development, but they used money to buy weapons from developed countries rather than use for their countries’ economic development. Most dictators were expelled but the huge debt was shifted to people. These chronic debt problems have been an impediment to development. To repay the debt, they have to spend 30~40% of income. (Yash Tay emphasis of a tribe then identity of citizen. For example, in Nigeria, Yorba, Igbo and Hausa are the typical tribes, above these there are around 230 different languages and tribes are exist. Against white people, they tried African people concentrate with the movement ‘Pan-Africanism’, however it failed changing the clan based think. The conflict between races has been became the immediate cause of civil war in Rwanda, Sudan, Somalia and Nigeria. (Toyin & Salah 2008)d. The Supply of Weapons from Developed NationsDuring the Cold War, Soviet Union and U.S supported military aid both government army and rebels to occupy the dominant position in geopolitics. Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Somalia are the cases of long civil war due to these two powerful countries’ support. The weapons which were supported in that period are still in their hand. However it is still not tightened regulated about arms export from developed countries. It is claimed by the report of Amnesty ‘The G8: globalo control immature children. They use child soldiers for human shield and sexual slaves not only for combatants. (The global poverty public awareness project 2011) Moreover, light weapons such as a semi-automatic rifle AK47 are inexpensive and easy to trade illegally. It has been developed to be used by child soldiers. These benefits bring children get involved in conflict. (Alexandra 2002)b. Loss of Basic EducationEducation provides knowledge to people to adapt to society successfully. However in Africa normal education system couldn’t take root due to frequent conflicts, weak administration and lack of labour population. Civil war destroyed schools, made the lack of number of teachers and forced children to work and child soldiers instead of learning opportunity. Actually over 30% of children in Africa can’t go to school, even a primary school, although they enter a school it happens often children quit. By Disappearance of education, knowledge for development will not be delivered aermore education for change and development will be important not only for economy. It will be researched what international society made an effort and above all what kind of regimes will be needed to solve these problems in the future with looking successful precedents in conflict areas where have various and complex problems.REFERENCEAlcinda, H & Filip, B (2005) Makers & Breakers: Children & Youth in Postcolonial Africa. “Innocent & Guilty: Child-Soldiers as Interstitial & Tactical Agent” USA: Africa World Press. P.31-52Alex, W & Nicolas, A (2002) Young Africa: Realising the Rights of Children and Youth. Child victims of War in Africa. Eritrea: Africa World Press, Inc. p.105-122Alex, W & Nicolas, A (2002) Young Africa: Realising the Rights of Children and Youth. “Reflections on Youth and Militarism in Contemporary” Eritrea: Africa World Press, Inc. p.123-154Lee, S (2010) ‘The Research about Education and Science cooperation with African developing countries’, Korean Education2012

사회과학| 2013.07.04| 7페이지| 3,000원| 조회(162)

교육, 전쟁, 아프리카, 분쟁, 정책, 소년병, 원인, 자원전쟁, 빚

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[영어] 영문 자소서 (영국 6개 대학원 실제 합격예문) Personal Statement 평가A+최고예요

PERSONAL STATEMNETPrevious experienceThe word ‘Live sharing love with people’, it motivated me to change my major to ‘Education and International Development’. After I decided to study further in this field, I found work which enabled me to teach children and adult art and base English. I held that position for over four years.Since that period, I have become a sponsor of ‘UNICEF’ and ‘Save the children’. Moreover, doing educational voluntary work for about 2 years, I found what I really want to do with my life. One of my humanitarian works was in a small village in India, which had been destroyed by a tsunami few years ago. I applied via the International Work-camp Organisation (IWO), cooperating with Coordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service (CCIVS) which is a chairman organisation of UNESCO. Our team’s aim was to renovate damaged facilities and to provide education within the orphanages.I made the best use of all my skills I had developed from my teaching experienceke the children aware of the importance of education.Just as strong roots support a tree to stand firm, children are the roots and future of our society. According to the book ‘JUSTICE’ written by Michael Sandel, there are 3 ground rules: firstly ‘are they happy? secondly ‘are they free?’ and finally ‘are they fair?’. If the whole world had the same standard of education, it would be a much better place. Consequently, I decide to further my education to provide a better educational environment for children around the world.Reason why I would like to study HereI have admired here due to the course ‘International Education and Development’. In particular, the module ‘Debates in International Education and Development’ is essential to me when concerned with education development in third world countries. It is also really necessary to understand theories and having critical view of education and development. In addition, I am sure the module ‘Education Planning and Governance for Developmcation for All Fast Track Initiative (FTI).There are still so many poor surroundings in the world. I am interested in the project ‘Access to education and child health’, which investigated structural inequalities in access to education and the impact of health inequalities. I think it is a good case of research that can apply to contribute to development in third world countries. I am eager to study this course to gain the best possible skills to go into working with international organisations and NGO.Academic BackgroundCompleting a major in Environmental Design at Kyungsung University in Korea, I learnt how to design environmental conditions for various people easily and conveniently reflecting behaviour and psychology of human-beings. This also entailed working on some projects to develop facilities in depressed areas by studying subjects such as ‘Human Engineering’ and ‘Public Environment Design’. Furthermore, when studying a Universal Design module, I learnt how important it is toPre-mastersI am studying a pre-master’s programme at London Foundation Campus in University of London. I am currently taking several courses, including: ‘Globalisation’, ‘Psychology’, ‘Teaching methodologies’, ‘Academic literacy’, ‘Academic English’ and ‘Research Method’. Besides studying, I’m a student ambassador and a member of student council. My role means I must make sure there is always a clear line of communication between students and staff and organise social events. Being a student ambassador has also seen me partake in conferences such as an international organisation fair held by Korean embassy to deliver information to students for their career as a student representative reporter. At the moment, I’m organising a fundraising party for the provision of education, support and medication for children. Due to these activities, my leadership has increased and I have also developed as a person. I gained Research skill, concerning human behaviour, problem solving skill, creativit NGO amalgamated with educational institution, formed as social-investment. My ideal would be to build an education institution in a developed country and one other institution in a third world country. I would use a percentage of tuition fees from the developed country’s institution to help the other institution in the less economically advanced country. Both institutions’ children will have valuable chances to make foreign friends studying and growing together by continuous communication and annual camps. Financial problems are always a big issue when running a NGO. From one system, it can create several benefits.6. ConclusionWith this great ambition, I’ve chosen this major. Before I developed this passion of learning, it is true that I fully expected to have a great job in a different field. However, I came to realise just how important education is on a global scale. I absolutely trust this ‘Education and International Development’ course will provide me the best education and I prn.

학교| 2013.07.04| 2페이지| 3,000원| 조회(1,638)

영문자소서, 합격, Personal Statement, 영어자소서

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