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SSE problem : poverty

Sub-Saharan Africa: PovertyBefore 19th century, European had no control over Africa’s economy, or politics. Europeans partitioned and scrambled Africa to avoid the restriction in slave trade and gain control over Africa’s economy, politics, and social consequences. This European’s action further took effect on Africa in various ways. The “Scramble for Africa” and partition of the continent was triggered off mainly by King Leopold II in 1876 because he thought Africa is a land of opportunity and has a huge ramification to make Berlin more economically strong by generating efficient trading system between Africa and Europe and using its cheap labor. The chance of development motivated King Leopold to colonize Africa. He sponsored humanitarian conference by using his own money to colonize Africa. The conference lead sponsored by King Leopold created the African international association, a front for exploiting and making money from Africans. The African international association supposed n in central Africa. In the early 1890s, “the king responded to the ever-growing demand for rubber by pressing millions of workers into unpaid labor, enforced by his brutal private army that was quick to mutilate, torture, and murder workers deemed slow or rebellious — or their families.”(Blue, 2011) Many workers fell to their death because they must climb over 100ft long rubber vines to extract sap. Europeans required them to give 5kgs of dry rubber per night. People who fell behind their quotas were whipped, imprisoned, or shot. “Congolese children and wives whose fathers or husbands failed to meet rubber collection quotas were often punished by having their hands cut off”(Congo Free State,2017), which known as “Hand Tax” system. King Leopard II used the profit that were generated from Africa to build his country, Belgium. In 1911, stagnation of development in Congo from colonization resulted murder, starvation, lack of disease control, and low birth rate.Sub-Saharan African regions blems because it cannot be changed by human power, but it could be supplemented by technology such as canals, dams, bridges, and others. In areas where rain is too intensive, mostly in rain forests of Central Africa, their environment is fit for harmful insects, leaving people vulnerable to diseases such as malaria and other epidemics that can be carry with flying insects, because of their lack of pest control. Lack of disease control had a huge effect on the African labor market.Manpower is one of the most crucial factors that could develop a country, but without proper health condition and health-related infrastructures, human resources have been stayed weak to diseases and African labor force have not been properly functioned. A harsh condition in the labor market, and lack of human rights to meet their basic needs, education, and health hindered them from breaking from the vicious cycle of poverty.One of the most important parts of development is stable and capable leaders. Sub-Sahngness to learn from successful cases. It placed emphasis on strengthening agriculture sector, which in turn resulted in reduced transport cost and improved producer prices. This increased the rural income and there was a large increase in the quantity of outputs and the prices in primary commodities. Uganda succeeded in becoming one of the few fast-growing countries in SSA with relatively high economic success and comparatively low inflation.The Ugandan government also showed much commitment to education. Donor countries and institutions showed support by financing facilities, providing human resource development which improved the quality of education. For this Uganda portrayed how government programs focused on poverty eradication can bring about effective results in increasing economic growth.Mauritius is lack of the exploitable natural resources compare to other African nations; its only real capital is human resource. Mauritius exploited its human capital to construct a multifacethere will be a strong undermining of the region’s food security, exports, and development of infrastructure. Though civil war disputes have subsided over time, political conflicts continue to exist. SSA may suffer problems in its governmental bureaucratic systems, corruption among politicians and influential conglomerates, and major changes in law systems due to change in legislation. Social upheaval in the Sub-Saharan region will lag growth. Discriminating laws vis à vis wages and poor working conditions against workers may rebellions and strikes against the government. Subsequently, SSA will face a threat to its economic growth due to the lack of external investment in relation to the region’s poor business atmosphere.External risks involve weak credibility in terms of trade, lack of FDI, aid, equity and bond investment. Furthermore, the economic conditions of main investors of Sub-Saharan African countries take up a large portion of influencing growth of the region.The current stat

경영/경제| 2017.10.18| 8페이지| 2,500원| 조회(100)

Economic, Africa, poverty, problem, SSE

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Measure for Measure essay (영문) 자에는 자로

Hypocrisy, disguise, and identity problemsIn Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare, most of the characters suffer from the identity confusions because they use false identities. The Duke leaves his charge to Angelo when Vienna falls into corruptions and chaos, and dresses up as a friar to observe reign of Lord Angelo. The Duke tries to get away from the criticisms of Vienna’s citizens by laying his misleads to Angelo, and even tries to gain respect from citizens. Lord Angelo, who is moralistic and strict, decides to enforce law to get rid of the city of brothels and unlawful sexual activity. However, he ends up committing a guilt that he criticized and abandoned strictly. Isabella, a religious and virtuous character who enters a nunnery when his brother gets arrested, begs for mercy to Angelo but refuses Claudio’s request, and shows relentlessness by using Mariana to keep her chastity. Claudio, who got arrested for impregnating Juliet before marriage, admits his guilt but at the st what they want by disguising themselves as another character.The setting of this play is Vienna that is hampered by political corruptions. The social order has been destroyed and unlawful sexual activities were common in Vienna because the Duke has been acted irresponsible on enforcing the law for 14 years. “And liberty plucks justice by the noise; the baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart goes all decorum.” (Act 1 Scene 3, 29-31) The number of illegimate child is increasing and brothels are thriving all across the country. However, most of the citizens do not feel responsible for the moralistic corruption. Rather feel irresponsible administrative, the Duke decides to leave his charge to Angelo to derelict of duty and avoid rebuke. “Sith'twas my fault to give the people scope, 'Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them for what I bid them do: for we bid this be done, When evil deeds have their permissive pass, and not the punishment.” (Act 1 Scene 3, 35-40) Instead of saving coravior and institution already exist, he enforces strict laws that are already loss of validity and inflicts a severe punishment. The first sacrificial victim of Angelo’s ambition is Claudio, who is sentenced to death in order to serve as an example to the Vienna’s citizens. “But this new governer awakes me all the enrolled penalties. Which have, like unscour'd armour, hung by th'wall. So long, that ninteen zodiacs have gone round, And none of them been worn; and for a name. Now puts the drowsy and neglected act. Freshly on me: 'tis surely for a name” (Act 1 Scene 2, 154-160) However, Angelo falls into sexual desire after he meets Isabella, and ends up making a filthy proposition. Lord Angelo falls into confusion when he encounters Isabell. He asks himself various questions that derived from his identity, and confusion of rights and wrongs. “What dost thou? or what art thou, Angelo? Dost thou desire her foully for those things that make her good? … O cunning enemy, that to catch a saintters in order to hide their identity confuse their sense of themselves and others.Like Angelo, who goes against the law that he set up, Isabella is also confused with her logical thinking. When Angelo asks to have sexual intercourse with him, Isabella answers “Sir, believe this: I had rather give my body than my soul.”(Act 2 Scene 4, 51-56) Isabella contradicts with Angelo’s logic that she is going against the law by showing a mercy to Claudio by saving his life. She argues that it counts as a mercy but not as a deviant act. When she is asked to give up her virginity, she says “As much for my poor brother as myself; That is, were I under the terms of death, Th'impression of keen whips I'd wear as rubies, and strip myself to death as to a bed. That longing have been sick for, ere I'd yield. My body up to shame.” (Act 2 Scene 4, 99-103) Isabella previously chose body over soul, but she now chooses death over body with shame. Her proposition seems to be too secular for a girl who wanted ttch'd throat I'll tell the world aloud what man thou art.” (Act 2 Scene 4, 148-153) Most of the main characters are hypocrites and hiding their identity; who should she tell the misdeed of Angelo? In the play, Isabella tells the fact to the Duke, and the Duke punishes Angelo. However, ironically, the Duke is also hypocrite for pretending as a friar. Besides this, the Duke forces Angelo to marry Mariana, and the Duke asks Isabella to marry him. His request is not different from Angelo’s request to Isabella because the Duke is asking her to meet his demand for saving his brother.Angelo’s and the Duke’s mislead result from hiding their identities. To reveal the truth or practice justice, they ironically do not focus on their roles but rather disguise as other person. Lucio and Angelo’s unwanted marriage and Barnadine’s pardon for a lack of evidence imply Vienna is still in corruption and chaos as in the beginning in the play. As the play shows corruptions and misleads of characters, it di4.

인문/어학| 2014.03.18| 4페이지| 1,500원| 조회(115)

세익스피어, 자에는 자로, Hypocrisy

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The winslow boy. 윈슬로우 보이 감상평 [영문]

Intro to TheaterThe Winslow BoyAfter I watched the play, I could share my experience of receiving a parental love from Ronnie’s situation. In the play, Ronnie Winslow was accused of the theft of a postal order that worth a five shilling at Royal Naval College. Arthur Winslow, Ronnie’s father, did not accept his guilt, and claimed his innocence. Arthur hired the best attorney in Britain and started a campaign to bring the case to court. The publicity campaign and the costs of the suit have eaten up his older brother Dickie’s Oxford tuition as well as Catherine’s marriage settlement. However, Arthur never gave up on his son to prove his innocence. Father’s effort to find his son innocent without thinking about his health, or money proved his love towards him impressed me and made me think of my father. Arthur trusted his son when he confessed he did not steal a postal order, and did not ask further questions to him. I think, the play well showed the traditional image of father and parental love by Arthur being selfless, dedicated, and devoted to his child.Arthur’s image as father in the play was very similar to my own father’s image. It is hard for international students to afford their full tuitions because the tuitions of the United States University are generally more expensive than that of in Korea. However, my parents want me to get a best education and provide an opportunity to interact with cultural diverse environment. No matter how much it cost, my parents have been offering me the best environment that I could have. When I went home for summer vacation, I could feel how much my parents work hard to pay my tuition. My father leaves to work at 6AM every morning and come back late night. I have not thought about his physical and psychological stress on his workplace. In the Winslow Boy, Arthur Winslow’s health has deteriorated under the strain, and his father could not afford his older brother’s tuition because he had to pay up for hiring the best attorney to win the case. Arthur’s dedication of his health and money to his son showed father’s unconditional love towards his child. This play made me to realize my father’s love, and efforts to earn money to pay my tuition.Also, Arthur Winslow organized a campaign to bring the case to the court and began the case with the crown. It should have taken him a lot of efforts to organize the campaign and braveness to sue crown, which crown is same as the government at that time. This limitless effort to prove his son’s innocence reminded my father. During my high school year, my father had to live away from the rest of family members because he has a job in Korea. However, my father continued to live by himself until I got into college. All by himself, he must have felt lonely for many years but he never showed a sign of loneliness to our family because he did not want us to feel sorry for him. Just for my benefit, my father had gone through hardships without expecting any return. I thank him with all my heart for being a shelter, and a supporter for many years.The Winslow Boy portrayed the love between the family members by showing an image of caring, supporting, and trusting each other. Grace, Ronnie’s mother, tried to comfort him and release his stress. Catherine was willing to sacrifice her husband for Ronnie’s right and would not give up a case without a fight. The dedications of Ronnie’s family members made me think about how much my parents have been dedicated for my future. In the future, I should be a father like Arthur, who always trusts his son and sacrifices himself.

독후감/창작| 2014.03.13| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(80)

영어, 감상문, 연극감상평

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