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한국어 존칭: Korean honorific research paper

Korean Honorifics and its influence on Using Second Language in Daily CommunicationIntroductionAlthough the number of Western students living Korea have greatly increased, Korean as second language learners are still facing difficulties while interacting with Korean native speakers. Understanding and adjusting to culture is vital for second language learners to achieve successful interaction with the natives. As both language and culture are inseparable, it is necessary for L2 to take one’s culture into consideration in order to get better in the skill of foreign language communication (Sapir 1921). Westerners who learn Korean as their second language must be fully aware of the significance of the relationship between culture and language. Korean culture is both decorous and hierarchical. Therefore, it caused severely strict honorific language system, which is the biggest factor for Western students that influences on second language. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether theuage (Wong 2011). Except honorific titles, most English honorific forms are not in common usage and also not indicates politeness. Only some titles such as “Mr”, “Miss” and “Mrs” are still used in English language, but it mainly used to indicate marital status and gender role which are not strongly hierarchical (Sohn 2001). For example, title “Mr” is used for men, “Miss” is used for unmarried women and “Mrs” is used for married women. In addition, in theUnited States where is known as a country that pursue liberal equality, junior can call senior by one’s first name even though they haven’t known each other for a long time (Lee and Ramsey 2000).3.3 Korean Honorific SystemMany research studies have shown that Korean honorific system is most unique and complicated comparing with many other countries. Although Japanese and Chinese also have complicated honorific systems, the honorific system of Korean is still more complex due to the influence of the Korean hierarchical culture that junionts who are English native speakers and have studied Korean by self-study in English country (Group1). On the other hand, other 8 participants are Korean students who are half Korean and half American. From their Korean mother, they have an extensive knowledge of Korean culture but their mother tongue is English and they also had no experience of living in Korea (Group2).Data CollectionThe data collection consists of two recording and interview. One recording was made up of conversation between the first group members and Korea native speaker who seems to be the same age with participants but he is older than them, in which every person has time to have free discussion. The other recording was also made of second group members and they were also given in the same way. After conversation. Participant were asked about their basic information such as cultural background, and the difficulties that they encountered while they have conversation.Data AnalysisAfter recording the participant’s ersation between Korean native speaker (A) and one of group1 member (B)A: 만나서 반가워요! (How do you do?)B: 나도 만나서 반가워, (Pleased to meet you, too)A: 성함이 어떻게 되세요? (What’s your name, please?)B: 제 이름은 스캇 엔드류 너는? (I am Scott Andrews, and you)A: 제 이름은 데이비드 킴이에요, 요즘 잘지내세요? (I am David Kim, How’s your day?)B: 엄청 바뻐, 그나저나 날씨는 왜 이렇게 추워 (Em I really on the go, any way, Its’s turned cold, hasn't it? )…….B: 오 이제 수업을 가야해 만나서 반가웠어 킴씨. Oh, Mr. Kim I gotta go to class, nice to meet youA: 손인사(No comment and just wave his hand)This is one of conversation that I recorded. From this conversation, it is easy to find that Western student not used the honorific during conversation, while Korean native speaker shows politeness by using the honorific. Speaker A used the word like “you” and “please” In Korea language, the pronoun plays essential role for addressing people because it has five forms of second person pronoun. In a study of by Lee and Ramsey (2000), five forms can be divided into five part and it can alB: 이제 수업을 가야되요 만나서 반가웠어요. (Oh, I have to go now, see you again Mr.Kim)A: 저도 만나서 즐거웠어요 (Nice meet you too)According to the discourse (2), it is certain that there are the difference between discourse (1) and discourse (2). After an exchange of a few brief formula of politeness, Speaker B ask him about his age in order to identify his social status. Then after Speaker B knows his social status is higher than him, he continuously show politeness and use the honorific forms to him. For instance, 요 “do” is the form that is present formal high and 당신 “you” which is semiformal. Although speaker A started from same topic and way of speaking, he had a pleasant conversation with speaker B unlike group 1member.ConclusionThe main goal of this study was to examine the influence of Korean honorific in KSL student’s communication. Korean complicated honorific structures are observed in this paper, and it was demonstrated that Korean honorific system plays very important role in Korean language and ite.

인문학일반| 2016.02.10| 10페이지| 3,000원| 조회(144)

APA, 제2외국어, second language, research paper, 한국어 존칭

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<영어 독후감> 슬로우 데스 Review of Slow death

Slow Death by Rubber DuckEveryone know that endocrine- disrupting chemicals (EDC) have an adverse effect on our health, but few people exactly know how bad they are for us. Nobody will look after me, so I decided to take care of myself, know about EDC and started to read the book called “Slow Death by Rubber Duck”. On the cover of the book, the author put yellow cute dock on it. I was interested in the theme that is the rubber duck children playing with also has a bad ingredient. The book tells us the truth of rubber duck that is killing children slowly and secretly. The book, “Slow Death by Rubber Duck”, written by Rick Smith and Bruce Lourie who were the members of the Environmental Defence board, is about the these two people’s experiment of chemicals. They want to know more about toxic. For instance, where these chemical were coming from, could they be avoided, what was the extent of the damage and many more. Therefore, they decided to experiment 7chemicals that we usually used in s are commonly used as plasticizers in PVC. Lots of people feel flavored products are better than fragrance free products. But the flavored products are full of the phthalates. It means they have toxic material. When people ingest, they can cause kidney and liver damage.TeflonIn chapter3, Bruce give an explanation of chemical called Teflon. Teflon is a type of plastic which is commonly used to nonstick cookware. It provides a very smooth surface which food does not stick to, so people prefer to use it. Besides nonstick cookware, it is also found in water-repellent fabric, Scotchguard and many more. It makes PFCs toxin that cause the carcinogenic qualities. So Bruce tell us that it is important to avoid products coated with PFCs such as fast food wrappers, non-stick pan and so on.MercuryIn chapter5, Bruce experiment with mercury, as we all know, Mercury is one of toxin that is harmful to the human body. It comes from several things such as dental fillings, fishes and so on and spread wommon antimicrobial agent already in wide use in products such as antibacterial soap. Nowadays, many people use it as industries rather than personal health. It is sad truth that antibacterial materials enter your bodies and it is bad for our body and also hard on the body. In this chapter, Rick show us ridiculous overuse of Triclosan and the serious issue of antibacterial resistance.PesticidesIn chapter7, the author experiment with Pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals which farmers put on their crops to kill harmful insect and people use as garden fertilizers to control weeds. In this chapter, although the author doesn't tell the toxicity of pesticides, he present the measures of reducing the use of Pesticides.Bisphenol-AIn chapter8, the author discuss about Bisphenol-A. Now the plastic is commonly used in many things, we can find them everywhere. But most of products has an ingredient polycarbonate which is related to Bisphenol-A, so lots of plastic produts are being banned in baby pr was very hard for me to find the ways of solving this problem. However, if we think simply and find some solutions we can do right now, I believe that we were able to lead a better life. But what I’m afraid is, nowadays, lots of toxin products are steadily on an upward tendency. Furthermore, companies don't feel guilty for environmental pollutions and look after their own interests.In this book, the author tell us that the environmentalist reveal serious information about the bad effects of product, but most of companies are emphatically denying the reports and whisper sweet nothing in buyer’s ear. “We just put a little bit”, and “it is not quite as bad as you think and it won’t kill you”. Although they provide some pretty convincing arguments, we should not fell into their trap. It is very important to know the dangers of chemicals. Most of people believe that the chemicals pose little risk to human health and government are able to protect them from harmful chemicals. But we should cause most manufacturers avoid their responsibilities, and they are always not looking to prove their hazards of chemicals. Therefore, it is important that manufacturers are required to prove their toxic chemicals.In addition, this book closely tells readers how people who are in environmental groups are taking action with chemicals, how slow governments are deal with and how companies are hiding and defending their toxin chemicals. Through this book, Rich and Bruce show us detailed and persuasive data by personal example that they conducted the experiment with the harmful chemical substances. Lastly, in the end of the book, they provide practical strategies on how to avoid the toxic chemicals and EDC. Because of these reasons, I recommend you to read this book, this is a must-read book for everyone.However, unlike the past, the world is full of harmful chemicals. As long as we live in the world covered with chemicals, we should have to realize the dangers of chemicals and have cautiou010.

독후감/창작| 2016.01.24| 4페이지| 1,000원| 조회(128)

환경, 영어 독후감, 슬로우 데스, Slow Death, Review of Sl..

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<영어독후감> 불편한 진실 Review of an Inconvenient Truth

Review of an Inconvenient TruthRecently, the book called “An Inconvenient Truth” caught my eyes and after reading this book, it became one of the most impressive book that I have ever read before. The book “An Inconvenient Truth”, written by Al Gore, is about an environmental pollution and it was published in 10 September 2006. What I am deeply impressed by is the theme of this book which is about the global warming. In addition, I noticed that the writer aimed to present reader the diverse forms of evidence that is relationship between global warming and mankind. As a human being, it is very important to realize and figure out the undeniable fact, that is global warming is coming and it will continue in future.An Inconvenient True is about Al Gore trying to notify the severe environmental crisis to people and preventing the global warming by presenting a wide array of facts and information in a thoughtful and compelling way. Al Gore is not only U.S Former Vice President, but also an environmentalist who has advocated for the environment longtime. He early realized that the influence of global warming is more serious than what we initially thought. There has been a rapid increase in CO2 all over the world due to over-development and people’s change of consumption patterns. Those increased CO2 has bring mass environmental to the world. For example, Ice in the North Pole is melting very fast, climate change, destruction of nature. Because of this kind of reasons, Al Gore decided to run the special project which make the issue of environmental crisis a recognized problem worldwide. As Gore said, “it is now clear that we face a deepening global climate crisis that requires us to act boldly, quickly, and wisely”.Nowadays, there are large amounts of people who aren’t heavily aware of the dangers of global warming and I am also the one of those people who doesn't understand the seriousness of it. Before reading this book, I have never considered what the effect of global warming is and what will be happen if global warming continues. Therefore, the unusual theme of the book has huge attraction for me and moreover it aroused my interest and concern. From my point of view, the intention of the writer is to let the world know an environmental crisis of worldwide significance and make an important contribution to global warming and severe environmental pollution. It is to raise awareness towards the need to take stronger action on climate change caused by global warming. To be honest, I originally regarded global warming as a myth, Furthermore, I didn't believe that the world will end by global warming and a million people will die from it. But this book dispelled my notion.Surprisingly, I found that there are few of negative things to accept in this book. While I was searching the information of this book, I could easily find some of negative comments from others who read the book. They discussed that the book involved with politic and Al Gore tend to receive widespread support through this book. Therefore, I also create an illusion that Gore seemed as the showman playing politics in a moment. However, the book is a wonderful book and it has positive values. Firstly, the book tells us why global warming is occurring and why we have to care of it. If global warming continues in the future, we will experience several different disasters. For instance, the strength and frequency of hurricanes and tornadoes, the horrors of the tsunami, the state of extinction. In reality, we had already experienced those kind of disasters and each time, we were in panic and couldn't do anything about it. So it is very important to take action of advance prevention. Secondly, the book made people taking action on global warming and lots of people are now aware of the environmental issue and have been motivated to act.Beside this book, I watched several environmental books about the global warming such as “Slow Death by Rubber Duck”, “Silent Spring” and so on. Comparing with that, this book is the representative book of global warming. Because only this book focused on the problem of environmental crisis and provide us the measure of it by showing charts, statistics and projections.To sum up, the book was very interesting to me. The book consists of fresh theme, educational things and significance of environment. I have learned many things through reading this book. Therefore, if anyone who want to read book about environment or global warming, I suggest you to read this book because I haven’t read and heard of any better book than “An Inconvenient Truth”.

독후감/창작| 2016.01.24| 3페이지| 1,000원| 조회(124)

불편한 진실, review, 앨 고어, An Inconvenient trut, 영어독후함

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a white heron 영어독후감

Book Review- In the class “American Literature”, I got several times to keep in touch with many kinds of American Literature; also, I had opportunity to got many knowledge of them. The most impressive literary work is . I glad to have chance to more researching about what I really like to read. What’s more, through this time, I got many hidden meaning of this literature.This story is about a young girl name Sylvia who living in desolate forest, and accepting life of nature. One day, one of young hunter who hunting and taxidermies the birds appeared in front of her. At first time she met him, she kept away from him. However, the young hunter was opened to conviction and stayed at her house because of his sunny deposition. Through Sylvia’s grandmother, the hunter known that Sylvia liked those animals in the forest, then he wondered about white heron which bird that he had found. He suggested that if Sylvia told him where he can find the bird, he will give her 10 dollars. Next day, they saim the highest tree in the forest for seeing the view of stretched sea and another world. When she arrived at the top of tree, she faced with white heron that flying in the expanding sky, but she never told him where the bird was. The story is ended with the Sylvia’s alone after the hunter leaved.In this story, there are just three character are appeared. When I read this story, I was strongly felt that the author set the each different characteristic to them. First of all, Sylvia originally born in manufacturing town and surly assimilated with nature. Her image of loving nature shows the before revelation of woman. What’s more, I also can feel this kind of her image when Sylvia felt complication between originally love about nature and the love toward man. Secondly, an ornithologist which was the career of the young hunter makes me easily feel that conquer and destroy the nature. In addition, the author described that he possessed the gun. In this part, it gives me strongly feel the o, I can know that she strongly felt missing human through the image of especially welcome when the first time the young hunter was invited to her house. Then I guess the author wanted to describe the future of Sylvia if she lived in the forest for a long time like her grandmother.In addition, some of people have some point of views about this characters- “Several critics see the work as a modern fairy tale in which the female declines to be rescued by a princely man, an ornithologist whose goal is symbolically to hunt and conquer women and display them in his home”The characteristic of Sylvia not only described directly, but also was described by other characters. What’s more, the story was more affected by the unordinary image of Sylvia. Also, the most influence thing is the conflict between the love of nature and the love toward man. On the contrary, this literature rarely has contacting with physical things, but more focus on the inner problem. In addition, the author provided profo describe the most humane that actualize acquiring of subjection through the image of Sylvia who became one with nature. However, she couldn’t climb on the first attempt. Sylvia could climb to the top and had the view of other beautiful world through tried several times and received the wounds. She also could find white heron which flying in the sky freely. This has deeper meaning that pains and ordeals in the course of conquer human self. Sylvia has ability to overcome the biggest barrier and goes head-and-head for her aims. At first, she of course recognized danger of her decision, but she was going to follow her dreams with her strong willpower.What’s more, the white heron that Sylvia faced on the top of tree have two kinds of deeper meaning in this story. One is natural and the other is free. In here, the natural thing means that not artificial thing, it means the world that formed by human oneself. Also, the white heron means completeness although the bird is in a state of nature one of the features of American literature. The story was based on a realistic description; also the author set the equipment- white heron which shows the special zone and described the local thing. Someone have the opinion about the tree and white heron- “ The color white: the color of the heron represents the purity of rural life. The tall tree in the forest that Sylvia climbs symbolizes clarity of thought. It is from her lofty perch that Sylvia sees all and from this lofty perch that Sylvia realizes the heron’s life is more valuable than $10”.On the contrary, at the ending of this story, the author described the image of Sylvia who missed the young hunter for a long time although she choose herself living in nature and adapted herself to nature. In here, I strongly feel that although have a close attachment to Mother Nature, as Sylvia is one of human, we can’t completely abandon the aspect of humane.When I read the story, I have thought that I got many feelings and knowledge througgs.

독후감/창작| 2016.01.24| 4페이지| 1,000원| 조회(175)

미국 문학, 영어독후감, Sarah Orne Jewett, A WHITE HE..

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<미국문학> Personal response of a White Heron

Personal Response of a White Heron“A White Heron” written by Sarah Orne Jewett was published in 1886, the author Jewett arranged the various elements that constitute her craft – elements such as character, symbolism, conflict and so on. The character Sylvia certainly affect the overall impression and meaning of the fiction through her personality and unordinary ability. In addition, the element of conflict greatly contribute to her work. Unlike the other stories, there is little physical contact between people in this fiction, but on the contrary the fiction more focus on considering the problem internally or dealing with a sort of different situation. Last element symbolism also play an important role in the fiction and the author makes the fiction compelling reading by adding profundity. These kinds of interesting elements are intertwined for creating a masterpiece.After reading the fiction, we can easily know that the feeling of Sylvia is well described when she have a conversation ufacturing town and decided to live in the farm. In addition, when she moved to farm and lived apart from her home, she was only 9years old. It shows that she is a girl who is an independence and self-reliance.In this fiction, she described as a timid animal that is afraid of people, “I believe she ‘d’a’ scanted herself of her own meals to have plenty to throw out amongst ’em, if I had n’t kep’ watch” (Jewett, 531) as we can see from this, she had a very special relationship with animal and nature. The life of a forest gather around her and she take care of them. Because of these, I think that she is ready for anything that is related to the safety of animals, and moreover she is more animal based than herself. People can be easily led astray of money for their own good, but she didn't fall into man’s temptation and refused his suggestion, that is exchanging heron’s life for 10dollar. These kind of the altruistic feature is also one of the important elements in this fiction.There was tand admire her for her strength and courage. This long sentence tells us the brave of her, she has the ability to overcome the difficulties and decided to faced up to her difficulties. Besides, she already knew what her goal is and what she have to do toward goal. Although she is alive to that risk certainly, her decision doesn't change and she hold out for her decision by an exercise of willpower. In the end of story, the author show us the relations between Sylvia and nature once again by portraying her as bird. Her small body just looks like little white heron that always face with various danger, it makes her strength and courage look much smaller. In any case, Sylvia has the special relationship with nature and animal. She also is the little girl who not only has altruistic and kind mind, but also strength and brave spirit.The symbolization is also one of the significant elements in “A White Heron”. The symbolization in this fiction is not just simply something from that we can rertant which is free, it shows that she is in free and she isn’t limited by society that she really hate. In addition, I found out how much she love forest from this quotation. She regards the nature as beautiful and the nature makes she feel comfortable. “The great twilight moths struck softly against her” (Jewett, 530) as we can see from this quotation, I could guess that for Sylvia, insects are just not a nuisance but beautiful and lovely creation, and it doesn't give negative connotations. On the contrary, the young hunter provides different aspect of it. “I have been hunting for some birds” (Jewett 530), “I am making a collection of birds myself”, “They’re stuffed and preserved, dozens and dozens of them” (Jewett, 532)the young hunter not only collect and preserve animals, but also lure the other animals into his trap by using them. This way of thinking is not only illogical, it is complex. What's more, there is the aspect of control. Taking living creature’s life away certainly teeat pine-tree stood, the last of its generation…the woodchoppers who had felled its mates were dead and gone long ago, and a whole forest of sturdy trees, pines and oaks and maples, had grown again. (Jewett, 533)This quotation present the meaning that the image of rareness repeats again. The image of the last biggest tree in the forest correspond with the last remaining animal which is a white heron. These two have something in common, that is they were successfully survived from the people who are woodchopper and hunter. Because of these reason, it remains the possibility that the white heron can also thrive once again just like the last biggest tree in the forest. These kind of symbolizations not only provide deeper meanings, but also make an allusion what will happen to next page.In my opinion, the fiction named “A White Heron” is entirely dealing with elements of character and symbolization. Sylvia is the character who has unique personality and special talent. These kind of thingst.

독후감/창작| 2016.01.24| 5페이지| 1,000원| 조회(108)

analysis, Sarah Orne Jewett, American Lite..

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