국제거래분쟁에서 강제집행면탈죄의초국가적 확장 (Transnational Application of Korean Criminal Law to Evasion of Compulsory Execution Committed Overseas by Foreign Actors)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려대학교 법학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 고려법학 / 64호 / 521 ~ 556페이지
· 저자명 : 이상돈

초록

국내형법의 강제집행면탈죄(형법 제327조)는 급증하는 기업 간 국제거래에서 일어나는 외국기업의 (외국인) 대표에 의한 해외 자산의 은닉, 허위양도 등에 적용되기 어렵다. 그러나 세계화시대에는 국내형법도 국제법상 불간섭원칙에 위배되지 않는 범위 안에서 초국가적 형법규범으로 성장할 필요가 있다. 특히 국제거래계약상의 중재합의에 따라 국내에서 중재판정을 받았지만, 외국기업의 (외국인) 대표가 외국에 있는 그 기업자산을 은닉, 허위양도 등을 한 경우에 우리나라 형법의 강제집행면탈죄를 적용할 수 있다고 보아야 한다. 그 이유는 중재판정의 상호승인과 집행을 보증하는 뉴욕협약은 외국인의 외국에서의 강제집행면탈행위에 대해서도 (국내형법을 적용할 수 있게 만드는) 특별한 국내관련점을 창출하기 때문이다. 이 특별한 국내관련점은 외국인에 의한 외국에서의 강제집행면탈행위에 대해서도 강인정할 수 있게 하고, 범죄지(형법 제2조)도 뉴욕협약에 가입한 그 외국제집행면탈죄의 객관적 요건인 강제집행을 받을 위험을 에까지 확장시키는 기능을 수행한다.

영어초록

Under current international law it is against the principle of nonintervention to apply domestic criminal law to criminal act committed overseas by foreign actor(s). Such principle operates as a defense mechanism for the sovereignty of each nation state, that would also stimulate mutual respect for the originality of diverse criminal culture of different nations. However, in today's globalized world order, there occurs increasing number of cases in which we may perceive growing necessity to empower domestic criminal law certain degree of transnational validity. For instance, if it is strictly banned to apply domestic criminal law to the criminal acts committed by (alien) executives of foreign invested enterprises, such as hidden overseas assets and fraudulent conveyance, the stability of international transaction itself may not be sufficiently ensured. The rights of creditors in case of international contract cannot be fully protected by mere means of mutual recognition of overseas court decision or forcible execution under current international judicial assistant system.
Notwithstanding such deficiencies, the evasion of compulsory execution clause of domestic criminal law should not be directly applied to evasions committed overseas by foreign actor(s), for such application without any restriction would consequently lead to indiscriminate violation of sovereignty. Thus my advisable interpretation for such cases would be to apply domestic clauses restrictedly on evasion of compulsory execution - only when such evasion case committed overseas by an executive of foreign investment enterprise meets with certain domestic references (Inlandsbezug). Domestic references would include the existence of an explicit agreement on mediation in case of any violation of contracts between foreign invested enterprise and domestic enterprise in international transaction, as well as the existence of the fact that original country of the foreign invested enterprise is also a member of New York Arbitration Convention which would ensure mutual approval and enforcement of mediation. When these conditions are all satisfied, the debtor who had lost the mediation's decision would be in "a state of danger to be subject to compulsory execution proceedings" according to evasions of compulsory execution clauses of current domestic criminal law, even if he holds foreign nationality with his property locating abroad. In other words, his act of evasion would then be interpreted as an act committed within the territory of Republic of Korea. With such interpretation, the evasion of compulsory execution clause may function as a transnational criminal law while not violating the principle of nonintervention under international legal order.

참고자료

· 없음