구 군형법 제92조의5의 위헌성 (The unconstitutiontality of the Korean military criminal law(2009. 11. 2) Article 92-5 (Disgraceful Conduct))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 법학연구 / 16권 / 4호 / 247 ~ 271페이지
· 저자명 : 류지영

초록

구군형법 제92조5(추행)는 “계간(鷄姦)이나 그 밖의 추행을 한 사람은 2년 이하의 징역에 처한다”라고 규정하여 공연성을 띠지 않는 음란행위와 강제성을 띠지 않는 추행을 범죄행위로 처벌함으로써 개인의 사생활에 대하여 지나치게 형벌을 동원하여 처벌하지 않느냐 하는 비판이 제기될 수 있다.
이는 상대방과의 동의하에 이루어지는 동성애 성행위에 대한 해석에 있어 일반인에게는 혐오감을 일으키고 성적 도덕관념에 어긋나지만 형벌로 규제되지 않는 행위에 대해 군이라는 특수한 사회에서 상대방과의 동의 내지 의사의 합치가 있었음에도 불구하고, 군이라는 특수한 사회에서 군기를 침해하고 군의 사기의 저하라는 다소 추상적인 사유로 처벌한다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 또한 그 해석에 있어 죄형법정주의의 침해가 아니지 문제될 여지가 충분하다.
본 논문에서는 2016. 7. 28. 2012헌바258 헌법재판소결정을 중심으로 구군형법 제92조의5에서 규정이 죄형법정주의에 위배되지는지 여부를 검토하였다. 일반형법과는 달리 군형법은 일반형법이 범죄로 규정하지 않는 행위까지도 범죄로 규정하고 있는 경우도 많고 그 처벌의 정도도 일반형법의 동일한 유형에 비하여 과중하다. 군의 기율과 전투력을 보존하기 위하여 불가피한 선택이라고 보여 진다. 군형법상 추행죄에 대한 구성요건의 규정내용과 그 법률적 효과인 형벌에 관한 내용 또한 죄형법정주의의 명확성의 원칙과 적정성의 원칙을 침해하였다고 보기는 어렵다고 보여 진다.

영어초록

In the Korean military criminal law, the Disgraceful Conduct crime is prescribed in following, Article 92-5 (Disgraceful Conduct) A person who commits sodomy or other disgraceful conduct shall be punished by imprisonment with prison labor for not more than two years.
[This Article Wholly Amended by Act No. 9820, Nov. 2, 2009] The Disgraceful Conduct crime in the Korean military criminal law, as compared with the criminal law, is stern discipline. The sodomy or other disgraceful conduct is not punished in criminal law.
The principle of nullum crimen sin lege, or nullum poena sin lege prohibits sanctions on the absence of penal law and implies that penal statues should be precisely construed. The principle of nullum crimen sin lege, or nullum poena sin lege comprise two fundamental principle, that are the rule of law and the rule of due process of law.
The rule of law is ambiguous term that can mean different things in different contexts. According to the rule of law, No individual can be ordered by the government to suffer criminal punishment except in strict accordance with well-established and clearly defined laws and procedures.
The rule of due process of law that individuals shall not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without notice and an opportunity to defend themselves predates written constitutions and was widely accepted in Korea. No freeman shall be seized, or imprisoned except by th due process of law.
There are many views in the interpretation of Article 92-5 (Disgraceful Conduct) in Korean military criminal law. The Korean Constitution Court has adjudicated that the punishment of sodomy or other disgraceful conduct is not unconstitutionality.
From the rule of law, The Article 92-5 (Disgraceful Conduct) is not contrary to the Constitution. For the sodomy or other disgraceful conduct could be construed to the people. And from the rule of due process of law, The imprisonment with prison labor for not more than two years is not excessive punishment. For in the case of imprisonment with prison labor for not more than three years in Korean criminal law, The court can adjudge the suspension of execution and in the case of imprisonment with prison labor for not more than one years, the suspension of sentence.
In Korean military service act Article 3 (Mandatory Military Service) (1) ‘Every masculine gender of the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A feminine gender may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering’ During the obligatory term of military service, The enlisted men obliged to live an army life in the restricted barracks. It may well be that the sodomy or other disgraceful conduct may happen in the barracks. Besides in the criminal act, “A person who resists or disobeys a legitimate order of his/her superior shall be punished.” If the sodomy or other disgraceful conduct was committed by the superior, it might be very difficult to present evidence.
In conclusion, Article 92-5 (Disgraceful Conduct) “A person who commits sodomy or other disgraceful conduct shall be punished by imprisonment with prison labor for not more than two years.” is not unconstitutional Act.

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