윤석열 정부의 외국인정책 현황 및 추진 방향 (The Migration Policy and Future Task of the Yoon Suk-yeol Administration)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한양법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한양법학 / 34권 / 3호 / 323 ~ 359페이지
· 저자명 : 김명수

초록

우리나라도 체류외국인이 2007년 100만 명을 돌파한 이후 지속적으로 증가 추세에 있으며 2022년 12월말까지 225만여 명에 달하는 외국인이 국내에 거주하고 있다. 2018년부터 저출산·고령화 추세에 따라 인구구조가 변화하고 산업구조가 재편됨에 따라 다양한 인력 활용 요구가 증가하여 향후 외국인의 유입이 꾸준히 늘어날 것으로 예상된다. 이에 정부는 급격한 인구감소에 대한 해법으로 이민정책 활성화를 추진하면서, 현재 고용허가제를 통한 단기적인 노동력 공급에만 초점을 맞춘 외국인 유입 정책을 숙련형 인력과 정주형 인력 도입으로 전환하려고 노력하고 있다.
법무부는 출입국·이민정책을 총괄하는 이민청 설립을 통해 인구구조 변화에 체계적으로 대응하는 것을 목표로 삼고 있으나, 다문화 가족의 지원은 여성가족부, 외국인력 수급은 고용노동부, 재외동포는 외교부가 각각 맡고 있으며, 각각의 중앙부처가 관장하는 법률도 달라 부처 간 업무 조율이 제대로 이루어지고 못하고 있는 실정이다. 그리고 현재 외국인정책은 농림어업과 산업현장에서 필요한 외국인 인력에 대한 수요에 초점이 맞춰져 있는데, 향후 이들과 그 가족들이 정착할 수 있는 포용적 정책을 펼쳐야 할 것이다.

영어초록

The number of foreigners residing in Korea has also been on a continuous upward trend since exceeding 1 million in 2007, with more than 2.25 million foreigners residing in the country at the end of December 2022. Since 2018, as the demographic structure has changed due to the declining birthrate and aging trend, and the industrial structure has been reorganized according to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the demand for the use of various human resources has increased, and the influx of foreigners is expected to steadily increase in the future. Accordingly, the government is promoting the revitalization of immigration policy as a solution to the rapid population decline, and is trying to change the foreign inflow policy, which currently focuses only on short-term labor supply through the employment permit system, to the introduction of skilled and permanent manpower.
The government is about to establish and implement the 4th Basic Plan for Foreign Policy(2023~2027). Local governments have enacted and implemented ordinances to support foreign residents in order to promote customized foreign policies that meet the reality, such as coexistence and cooperation with local residents and immigrants, providing high-quality jobs to foreigners, education, and welfare.
The Ministry of Justice aims to systematically respond to changes in demographic structure through the establishment of the provisional "Immigration Agency" to oversee immigration and immigration policies, and the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family supports multicultural families, the Ministry of Employment and Labor provides support for foreigners, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Overseas Koreans Administration) is in charge of supporting overseas Koreans and promoting the benefits of overseas Koreans, the Ministry of Education is in charge of managing foreign students, and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security is in charge of housing and policing foreigners. The multi-ministerial policy committee under the Prime Minister's Office is also divided into the Foreign Policy Committee of the Ministry of Justice, the Multicultural Family Policy Committee under the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the Foreign Power Policy Committee under the Ministry of Employment and Labor, and the Policy Committee for Overseas Koreans under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Due to the lack of government organization for the promotion and implementation of such foreign policies and the lack of administrative systems of local governments, comprehensive and systematic policy formulation has not been achieved.
In addition, the current policy for the influx and settlement of foreign workers is rigid, so it is necessary to establish a flexible visa system for the expansion of permanent immigrant visas, identify the needs of foreign manpower, and implement an inclusive policy that allows foreign migrants to live in cooperation and harmony with local residents.

참고자료

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