Human Rights Defender Criminalization and Civic Space Repression as Challenges to Human Rights Cities Implementation: A Case Study of Indonesia

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 전남대학교 5.18연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 민주주의와 인권 / 24권 / 4호 / 333 ~ 356페이지
· 저자명 : Chikita Edrini Marpaung, 이영철

초록

Since 2015, the concept of human rights cities has gained traction in Indonesia, spearheaded by the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development (INFID). The Human Rights Cities Program aims to categorize more regions as human rights cities to mainstream and promote human rights throughout the country. This research examines the phenomenon of shrinking civic space in several cities designated as human rights cities, specifically Bandung, Yogyakarta, Wonosobo, Bogor, and Banyuwangi. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the study conducts case studies of these cities, gathering data through document reviews and juridical-empirical case analyses. The findings reveal that several regional governments act as intermediary in these practices, often neglecting the protection of human rights defenders (including women and environmental HRDs), engaging in criminalization and enacting policies that restrict civil society's space. Civic space rights such as freedom of expression, assembly and association indicators must be integrated into the human rights cities assessment in Indonesia. Evaluation criteria should encompass civil and political rights, particularly those of indigenous peoples and marginalized minority groups, to provide a more comprehensive assessment of human rights values and urban development. Thus, the designation of human rights cities should transcend ceremonial recognition and become a strategic agenda that actively involves regional governments in upholding human rights within their autonomous systems. This approach will ensure that the promotion of human rights values is not only symbolic but also a substantive part of regional governance and development.

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