통치술로서의 정치의 사법화 ― 통합진보당사건과 관련하여 ― (Judicializing the Political as a Ruling Craft: Perpetuating the State of Exception and the Case of the Unified Progressive Party)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 민주주의법학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 민주법학 / 56호 / 11 ~ 56페이지
· 저자명 : 한상희

초록

통합진보당에 대한 위헌정당해산심판사건은 87년의 민주화의 과정을 퇴행의 국면으로 전환하는 중대사건이다. 이는 우리 사회에 여전히 반공이라는 배제의 논리가 국가폭력을 정당화하고 있음을 보여주는 한편, “종북”으로 구성되는 일련의 통치술이 정치권력과 자본권력의 연합세력에 의해 상례화되는 예외상태의 또 다른 모습임을 보여준다. 그것은 사회를 탈정치화하면서 ‘비시민’으로 규정된 사회부분들을 정치과정으로부터 온전히 소거시켜 버리는 정치의 사법화 과정을 통해서 진행된다. 이 글은 이런 맥락에서 진보당에 대한 정당해산사건이 가지는 당대적 의미를 헌법정치의 맥락에서 규정해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 48년체제로 총칭되는 헌법체제를 현재의 87년체제 혹은 97년체제와 비교하면서 이 48년체제가 일상화된 예외상태를 통한 통치술로 발현되는 양태들을 분석하고, 그 당대적 현상으로서의 정치의 사법화 내지는 사법적 정치의 과정이 가지는 의미를 통합진보당에 대한 정당해산사건에 비추어 천착하였다.

영어초록

On 5 November 2013, the Park Geun-hye administration handed in a request that the Constitutional Court of Korea adjudicate the dissolution of the Unified Progressive Party (UPP), for the first time in the constitutional history of South Korea. On 26 September 2013, the administration indicted a member of the National Assembly of the UPP, Lee Seok-ki on charges of plotting an armed rebellion trying to engrave in people's minds that rebel forces linked to North Korea were active in the society. At these time, the administration was plagued with scandals threatening its legitimacy from the start with the National Intelligence Service (NIS) and other government agencies which were under scrutiny for meddling in the December 2012 presidential election. The administration was searching for various means to overcome this crisis, and at last such struggle reached its peak with the UPP dissolution request. The administration had found its scapegoat and, simultaneously, transferred a political issue to the judicial domain, 'de-politicizing' the society. The democratization stage that opened up since 1987 was shrinking, reverting to authoritarianism.
However, these events did not happen independently in itself. In fact, they emerged as an extension of the neo-liberal ruling craft adopted since the previous Lee Myung-bak administration (2008-2013). The administration controls and emasculates judicial power and utilizes the strategy of the state of exception. The all-powerful administration declares 'the state of exception' to suspend the established legal order, defines non-citizens who cannot be integrated into the political system and, with the 'legal power' invested in it, banishes them outside of the protection of the law.
The current Park Geun-hye administration did go one step further. It is trying to revert the 1987 system where procedural democracy and the rule of law were budding back to the 1948 system based on anti-communism. It is also trying to expand the free playground of the capital limitlessly through de-politicization.
The government's request to adjudicate on the dissolution of the UPP can be understood in the above context. This paper explores the contemporary meaning of the adjudication request within a constitutional political context by looking into the establishment of the 1948 system that is the core of the current constitutional system, analyzing how the perpetualized state of exception manifests itself and examines the meaning of the contemporary phenomena of the politicization of law and the judicialized political process especially focusing on the Korean government's adjudication request to the Constitutional Court.

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