일제하 대구지역의 화재발생과 대구소방조의 소방활동 (Fire Outbreaks In Daegu Area and Activities of The Daegu Fire Fighting Service During The Japanese Colonial Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국행정사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국행정사학지 / 60권 / 60호 / 57 ~ 80페이지
· 저자명 : 김상욱

초록

본고는 일제강점기 대구지역에서 활동한 대구소방조의 활동과 성격을 규명하였다. 대구는 영남지역의 행정의 중심지이며 농산물의 집산이자 교통의 요지이기도 하다. 일본인들의 대구 정착은 1904년 무렵에 이루어졌다. 1904년에 발발한 러일전쟁에 빠른 전쟁 수행을 위하여 일제는 경부선 철도를 가설하였다. 이것을 계기로 대구지역 일본인들은 급속이 증가하였다.
1907년에 대구읍성이 철거되면서 철거된 성벽 자리에는 일본인 상권이 형성되었다. 반면에 인근 시장통에는 조선인들이 영업하였다. 이로써 조선인과 일본인들은 서로 뒤엉켜 거주하였다. 즐비한 점포로 인하여 인파가 늘어나면서 화재 또한 빈발하였다. 화재는 가옥과 점포에서 발생하더니 점차 정미소, 제사공장, 병원으로 확대되었다.
창궐하는 화재에 대응하고자 일본인들은 소방조를 결성하였다. 대구소방조는 ‘조일공동소방조(朝日共同消防組)’로 구성되었는데 이는 대구지역의 거주 공간의 특수성에서 비롯되었다. 북성로 주변에는 일본인 점포가, 서문, 남문 주변에는 조선인 점포가 어우러지면서 화재가 조선인과 일본인 지역에 번갈아 발생하였기 때문이다.
대구소방조는 대구지역의 철도건설에 참여하였던 일본인들이 결성하였다. 인구나 시가지 규모에서 대구부는 평양, 부산에 비하여 작았지만 소방조의 상비대는 많았다. ‘대구 상비소방대’는 자동차펌프 격납고를 관리하고 망루 근무는 물론이고 진압장비를 관리하였다.

영어초록

This study investigated activities and characteristics of the Daegu Fire-Fighting Service during the Japanese colonial period. Daegu was an administrative center and a hub of agricultural products as a major transportational point where a water route met an overland route. As the Gyeongbuseon railroad was built in 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese people were settled in Daegu.
When the Daegu Eupseong was demolished in 1907, Japanese business zone was formed along the town wall. Josepn people who were engaged in business were mixed with Japanese people at the markets. As there were a number of stores in the intersection divided from the Daegu Station and the population was crowded, fires frequently broke out. Fires usually broke out at houses and stores, but gradually, they broke out at rice mills, silk mills, gas station and even hospitals.
To deal with explosive outbreaks of fires, Japanese residents organized fire-fighting services. The Daegu Fire-Fighting Service was organized jointly by Joseon and Japanese people, which was derived from the characteristics of residential space of Daegu. As Japanese stores were arranged along the Bukseongro and Joseon stores were arranged along the Seomun and Nammun, fires broke out alternatively both in districts.
The Daegu Fire-Fighting Service was composed of Japanese building material traders who joined in construction of Daegu railway. They were engaged in professional fire-fighting service. Daegubu was smaller than Pyeongyang and Busan in the population and size of town, but its regular fire-fighting service was larger. The ‘Daegu Regular Fire-Fighting Service’ were engaged in management of automobile pump hangars, watchtower service and fire-fighting service equipment loading. Joseon people also worked as regular fire-fighters because of frequent outbreaks of fires at their residential districts.
Daegu notables were active in fund-raising for major fire-fighting events including an organization ceremony to support activities of the Daegu Fire-Fighting Service. In particular, they organized the ‘Daegu Fire-Fighting Committee’ to support its management and take the initiative in the fund-raising as well as to secure forests and fields where trees were planted.
Local businessmen who had a fortune during the Japanese colonial period took the initiative in the fire-fighting service. However, the Daegu Fire-Fighting Service under the colonial rule was active only at practical and functional area of fire-fighting service including embracing Joseon people.

참고자료

· 없음