단위학교 급식비 지원의 공평성 분석 (An Analysis of the School Lunch Financial Support's Equity at the School level)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국교육재정경제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 교육재정경제연구 / 21권 / 4호 / 77 ~ 100페이지
· 저자명 : 류지은, 천세영

초록

이 연구는 에듀데이터의 초등학교 5,027개 정보공시 자료를 활용하여 단위학교 급식비 지원을 공평하게 하고 있는지, 학교급식(식품비)의 공평성을 결정하는 것은 어떤 것인지 분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 단위학교 급식비 지원의 공평성 분석 내용은 교육청 지원금, 자치단체 지원금, 학부모 부담금과 식품비이다. 분석 수준은 시･도 교육청 간, 지역교육청 간, 지역(특별시/광역시/도) 내 지역교육청 간, 시･도 교육청 내 단위학교 간 공평성을 분석하였다. 공평성을 분석하기 위해 사용한 지수는 편차계수, 맥룬지수, 페어슈테겐지수이고, 학교급식(식품비)의 공평성 결정요인이 무엇인지 알아보기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다.
단위학교 급식비 지원의 공평성을 분석한 결과 교육청 지원금이나 자치단체 지원금, 학부모 부담금 그리고 식품비의 지출에 있어서 교육청 간에는 지원금의 공평성이 유지되더라도 지역교육청이나 단위학교로 분석 수준이 세분화될수록 불공평하게 나타났다. 또한 학교급식비 지원과 관련된 변인들 중 학교급식(식품비)의 공평성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 교육청 부담금, 식품비, 시설･설비비로 나타났다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to summarize data on school lunch financing and to analyze whether lunch expense assistance is equally distributed at the school level and what decides the equity in school lunch(food expense) when school lunch was generalized and a problem of who would bear finances required to operating school lunch was in social issue.
For this purpose, I handled three questions as followings: Firstly, what are current status of financing by each body in charge of lunch expenses at the school level, current status of financing for each school lunch expenditure item, and difference in school lunch expenses? Secondly, are allowance per student by each body in charge of lunch expenses at the school level and lunch expenditure(food expense) per student equal? Thirdly, what school lunch finances influence equity index of school lunch(food expense)?For this study, data officially announced by Edu-data on 5,027 public elementary schools was used. Contents of analysis include funding by offices of education, funding by local government entities, share by parents, and food expense. As analysis level, equity among city and provincial offices of education, among local offices of education, among local offices of education within regions (capital city/metropolitan city/province), and among unit schools within city and provincial offices of education.
Analysis subjects were considered as satisfying equity criteria when coefficient of deviation is 0.1 or below, McLoone index is 0.9 or above, and Verstegen index is 1.1 or below. Also, logistic regression analysis was performed to examine decisive factors of equity in school lunch(food expense).
This study analyzed equity of school lunch financing in the midst of transition of lunch expense funding from educational welfare or assistance by local government entities to a social issue of free lunch at school. Accordingly, results of equity analysis on school lunch expense funding were correlated with free lunch policy and summarized as follows.
First, regional difference was found in terms of share of lunch expense at the school level by office of education, local government entity and parents. The reason for such regional difference in share of school lunch expense by different bodies is because of difference in school lunch expense funding policies in regions caused by transfer of responsibility on school lunch funding to local governments for greater autonomy and local specialty. Such policy difference among regions can further increase the regional difference among bodies that share the lunch expense for schools.
Second, biggest factor that decides equity of food expense at schools is funding by the office of education. This study verified that school lunch expense is more equally distributed with increasing burden by the office of education. Since such result suggests an increase in equity of school lunch by stable security of funding by the office of education and expansion of support, security of financing on school lunch is deemed extremely important.
Third, difference in funding by local government entities per student was found to be unequal at the level of office of education, at the level of local office of education, and at the level of unit schools. Equity indices were further degenerated moving from office of education to unit schools. This study also showed that regions with high financial independence have low funding by local government entities on school lunch and regions with low financial independence have high funding. If school lunch expense is an expense burdened by the beneficiaries, such funding by local government entities can influence expenditure by parents. Furthermore in relation to free lunch, possibility of free lunch policy depends on whether public financing can be secured through funding by local entities. Therefore, efforts to increase funding by local government entities are required in order to secure financing on school lunch.

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