중국통일계약법상 계약체결에 관한 법적 기준 – 중국통일계약법 제2장과 CISG 연관규정과의 비교를 중심으로 – (A Study on the Legal Bases of Concluding a Contract in Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국무역학회
· 수록지 정보 : 무역학회지 / 37권 / 5호 / 275 ~ 299페이지
· 저자명 : 심종석

초록

중국은 CISG 제95조에 의거, 제1조 (1), (b)를 유보하고 있음에 따라, 비체약국에 영업소를 보유한 계약당사자의 입장에서는 국제사법에 의해 지정된 적용법으로서 경우에 따라 중국통일계약법이 개입되는 경우 사안에 따라 법적 안정성 및 예견가능성에 기한 특단의 문제가 발생할 개연성이 다분하다. 물론, 우리나라와 중국은 공히 CISG의 체약국으로서 중국의 본조항의 유보에 기한CISG 적용에는 문제가 없을 것이지만, 여기서 문제시 될 수 있는 논점은 이를테면, 모회사를 우리나라에 둔 기업이 비체약국에 소재한 해외의 자회사를 통해 중국과의 무역을 행할 경우이다. 본논점은 비체약국에 소재한 자회사가 중국에 영업소를 둔 상인과 국제물품매매계약에 임한 경우중국통일계약법의 적용에 따라 발생될 수 있는 법적 오해 및 적용 또는 그 해석에 기한 문제점을미연에 방지할 수 있는 법적 고려가 선행되어야 함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 이 같은 시각에 기초하여 계약체결에 관한 책임체계를 다루고 있는 중국통일계약법 제2장을 중심으로 CISG 연관규정과의 비교를 통해 그리고 경우에 따라서는 법계 및 PICC, PECL을 연계하여, 논제 범위내에서 법적시사점과 유의점을 추론하여 제시한 논문이다.

영어초록

Since the entry into force of the CISG in China, more and more foreign trade contracts have added the Convention as the applicable law to the contracts with their Chinese counterparts. But when China had three laws regarding economic contracts, the CISG’s influence and popularity was limited only to those contracts involving foreign trade and economy. In the past, when Chinese parties negotiated with foreigners, they naturally regarded CISG as a reliable protector, while the foreign parties, for bargaining, insisted on their own internal laws. As a compromise, the CISG and other international sources such as PICC, PECL may finally prevail as neutral alternatives. The ratification of the CISG expressed the government’s attitude toward it. The CISG and its application in China enhanced at least the foreign trade companies, used to affiliate to CLPRC, to seriously evaluate the merits of their sales contracts with parties whose place of business is in another contracting state. In order to deepen the understanding of the CISG, CLPRC selected it as required referential material to disseminate an elementary knowledge of law. Within the this thesis scope, main articles of CLPRC as following; A writing means a memorandum of contract, letter or data message. which is capable of expressing its contents in a tangible form. An offer is a party’s manifestation of intention to enter into a contract with the other party, which shall comply with the following: Its terms are specific and definite; It indicates that upon acceptance by the offeree, the offeror will be bound thereby. An acceptance shall be manifested by notification, except where it may be manifested by conduct in accordance with the relevant usage or as indicated in the offer. Where a contract is concluded by way of standard terms,the party supplying the standard terms shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing the rights and obligations of the parties and shall, in a reasonable manner, call the other party’s attention to the provisions whereby such party’s liabilities are excluded or limited,and shall explain such provisions upon request by the other party. Standard terms are contract provisions which were prepared in advance by a party for repeated use, and which are not negotiated with the other party in the course of concluding the contract. A standard term is invalid if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in regarded articles, or if it excludes the liabilities of the party supplying such term, increases the liabilities of the other party, or deprives the other party of any of its material rights. Where in the course of concluding a contract, a party engaged in any of the following conducts, thereby causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages: negotiating in bad faith under the pretext of concluding a contract; intentionally concealing a material fact relating to the conclusion of the contract or supplying false information; any other conduct which violates the principle of good faith and so on.

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