사이버 범죄 피해 가상화폐의 환수ㆍ환부 절차 연구 (A Study on the Restitution and Return of Cybercrime-damaged Cryptocurrency)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국경찰학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국경찰학회보 / 23권 / 6호 / 123 ~ 152페이지
· 저자명 : 이두홍, 이상진

초록

가상화폐가 사회 전반에 걸쳐 널리 사용됨에 따라 가상화폐에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이와 더불어 가상화폐를 대상으로 하는 사이버 범죄도 발생하고 있는데, 거래소 해킹범죄가 대표적이다. 거래소 해킹범죄는 피해액이 천문학적인 규모이며 사회적 파급력도 엄청나게 큰 범죄에 해당한다.
거래소 해킹범죄에서 피의자(해커)를 검거하는 것도 중요하지만, 무엇보다 피해자 보호의 측면에서 신속하게 유출된 가상화폐를 환수하여 피해자에게 환부하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 현행법상으로는 사이버 범죄 피해 가상화폐를 환수ㆍ환부하는 것이 사실상 거의 불가능하다. 경찰청은 최근 불상의 해커가 국내 거래소에서 탈취하여 해외로 유출시킨 약 45억원 상당의 가상화폐를 중남미 소재 해외 거래소로부터 환수하는데 성공하였다. 이 사례는 국내 첫 사이버 범죄 피해 가상화폐 국내 환수 사례로 의미가 있다.
본 연구는 국내의 환수ㆍ환부 관련 규정을 살펴본 뒤, 실제 가상화폐 환수를 진행하면서 실무적으로 겪었던 현행법 체계상 환수ㆍ환부 제도의 한계를 보여줄 것이다. 이를 통해 향후 환수 및 환부 관련 법률이 개정되어야 할 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

영어초록

In this paper, .... This study is about the redemption and restoration of cybercrime-damaged cryptocurrency. Recently, cryptocurrency has become widely used throughout society, and interest in cryptocurrency has been increasing as prices have risen significantly. In addition, cybercrimes targeting virtual currencies are occurring, such as crimes that hack into the exchanges to take away virtual currencies. Once the cryptocurrency exchange hacking incident occurs, it is a crime that has a huge social ripple effect. And this is not just a problem for South Korea.
It is important to arrest suspects who committed such hacking crimes, but it is also very important to recover leaked cryptocurrencies and return them to the victims in terms of protecting the victims. However, laws that is required to recover or return of criminal proceeds from the current legal system are not suitable for the recovery or return of cybercrime-damaged cryptocurrency. It is common procedure to recover criminal profits hidden overseas through international cooperation in criminal justice after being forfeited. In addition, it is only possible in cases of embezzlement, breach of trust or fraud that is commited through criminal organization, telecommunications-based financial fraud, multi-level marketing. However, since cryptocurrency is not subject to confiscation under CRIMINAL ACT, it is necessary to identify a confiscation special law that includes property as subject of confiscation. However, hacking, which is a typical cyber crime, is not a target crime under the Special Act on confiscation, nor is it a target crime under the Act related to return.
The National Police Agency recently recovered about 4.5 billion won worth of cryptocurrency from overseas exchanges in Latin America, which was stolen from domestic exchanges by an anonymous hacker. This case is meaningful as Korea's first case of recovering virtual assets affected by cyber crimes. Looking at the case, it seems that the remittance of cryptocurrency was received in the form of voluntary submission, and the refund has yet to be made.
From the victim's point of view, it may or may not be possible to recover depending on the type of property or crime. In the future, it would be desirable to extend criminal confiscation from goods to property. And it would be desirable to expand the crimes covered by the ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING THE CONFISCATION AND RETURN OF PROPERTY ACQUIRED THROUGH CORRUPT PRACTICES(Return) to include cyber crimes such as hacking.

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