新《北京理算规则》研究 (Research On The New “Beijing adjustment rules”)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 제주대학교 법과정책연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 법과정책 / 30권 / 1호 / 411 ~ 438페이지
· 저자명 : 최용철

초록

中国曾于1975年正式出台《北京理算规则》用于国际航运上的共同海损理算，但随着国际航运不断发展，旧的理算规则已经逐渐不适应国际航运事务中当事人双方的需要，因此中国贸促委于2022年正式出台了新《北京理算规则》用以满足当事人理算需求。新《北京理算规则》在多个层面弥补了旧规则的不足，解决了当事人对于选择《北京理算规则》的顾虑，使当事人在选择理算规则时有了不同的可能性，因而新《北京理算规则》的诞生对国际航运产生了新的影响。而新的规则到底有了哪些变化、以及修订后相对于国际上普遍适用的2016年《约克-安特卫普规则》有了哪些优势，同时存在哪些不足之处，均需得到进一步研究探讨。本文通过将新《北京理算规则》同2016年《约克-安特卫普规则》相对比的方式，得出新《北京理算规则》相对于《约克-安特卫普规则》更加注重货方利益，且对救助费用的表达更为准确。但同时新《北京理算规则》也具有一定的不足，如避难港规定过于模煳、对环境损害的排除过于绝对、理算所需时间较长等问题。针对这些问题，提出以下建议：完善避难港费用表述，将避难港所需费用的情形进一步细化；进一步细化环境污染损害规定，将部分为船货双方共同安全而做出的防止损害行为也纳入理算范围；最后完善时效规定，将部分关键材料的提交时间限制进一步缩短，缩短理算周期，同时恢复1975年《北京理算规则》中简易理算的部分，实现一定程度的繁简分流。

영어초록

In 1975, China officially issued the “Beijing Adjustment Rules” for the adjustment of general average on international shipping, but with the continuous development of international shipping, the old adjustment rules have gradually failed to meet the needs of both parties in international shipping affairs, so the China Trade Promotion Commission officially issued the new “Beijing Adjustment Rules” in 2022 to meet the needs of parties. The new “Beijing Adjustment Rules” makes up for the shortcomings of the old rules in many aspects, solves the concerns of the parties about choosing the “Beijing Adjustment Rules”, and makes the parties have different possibilities when choosing the adjustment rules, so the birth of the new “Beijing Adjustment Rules” has a new impact on international shipping. What changes have been made in the new rules, and what advantages and shortcomings have been found in the revised Rules compared with the 2016 York-Antwerp Rules, which are generally applicable internationally, need to be further studied and discussed. By comparing the new Beijing Adjustment Rules with the 2016 York-Antwerp Rules, this paper concludes that the new “Beijing Adjustment Rules” pay more attention to the interests of the cargo and express the salvage costs more accurately than the York-Antwerp Rules. But at the same time, the new “Beijing Adjustment Rules” also has some shortcomings, such as the port of refuge provisions are too vague, the exclusion of environmental damage is too absolute, and the adjustment takes a long time. In view of these problems, the following suggestions are put forward: to improve the expression of port of refuge fees, to further refine the situation of port of refuge fees; Further refine the provisions on environmental pollution damage, including some actions to prevent damage for the common safety of both sides of the ship and cargo into the scope of adjustment; Finally, improve the prescription, further shorten the submission time limit of some key materials, shorten the adjustment cycle, and restore the simple adjustment part of the 1975 “Beijing Adjustment Rules” to achieve a certain degree of complexity and simplicity.

참고자료

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