한국기업의 대중국 투자추세 변화 연구 (A Study on Changing Trend of Korean company's FDI in China)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국비교경제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 비교경제연구 / 20권 / 2호 / 1 ~ 29페이지
· 저자명 : 고정식

초록

본 연구는 지난 20년간(1990~2010년)의 한국의 대중국 투자통계를 활용하여 중국 경제구조와 투자환경의 변화에 따른 한국기업의 대중국 투자추세 변화의주요 내용을 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 투자규모, 투자형태, 투자목적 등 각각의 투자유형별로 통계학적 차이가 있음을 실증하고, 유형별 투자추세에도 변화가 있었음을 투자통계를 활용하여 통계학적으로 검증하는데있다.
한국의 대중국 투자추세 분석결과 대기업, 단독투자, 현지시장진출 측면에서뚜렷한 상승추세 변화가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 중소기업, 합작투자,저임금활용 등의 방면에서는 명백하게 감소추세가 나타난 것으로 분석되었다.
특히 이러한 한국의 대중국 투자추세 변화는 중국 경제구조와 투자환경의 변화와 연관된 것으로 추측된다. 즉 중국의 대외지향형 경제성장이 지속되던1990년대는 중소기업 위주의 저임금활용 투자가 주류를 이루었지만 2000년대들어오면서 중국 내수시장의 급성장에 따라 대기업 중심의 현지시장진출 목적의 투자가 급증한 것으로 해석된다.
특히 한국의 대중국 투자를 중분류로 세분화하여 분석해본 결과 대기업과중소기업 모두 현지시장진출 목적의 투자는 2000년대 중반 이후 급증한 것으로 나타났으며, 투자형태에 있어서도 단독투자를 선호하는 것으로 확인되었다.
이는 일반적으로 현지시장진출 목적의 투자는 합작투자나 합자투자를 선호한다는 연구와는 상반되는 현상으로서 주목되는 특징이다.
이러한 한국의 대중국 투자추세 변화는 투자통계를 활용한 ANOVA분석을통해서도 통계학적으로 충분히 뒷받침되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 투자규모, 투자형태, 투자목적 유형별 차이 측면에서 모두 통계적으로 유의적인 것으로 검증되었으며, 1990년대와 2000년대 투자기간별 비교에서도 유의적인 것으로 나타나 대중국 투자추세의 변화가 있었던 사실을 뒷받침하고 있다.

영어초록

This article focuses on changing trend of Korean company’s foreign direct investment in China which has deeply correlated with Chinese economic development and investment environments. After Chinese entry into World Trade Organization, domestic market has more national widely opened to foreign companies, and china government has taken measures to expand domestic demand. Additionally, Renminbi appreciation, labor’s wage on the rise and increase of environmental protection, and so on, with expanding domestic market, has heavily influenced on foreign direct investment in China.
According to results of analysis about trend of Korean company’s investment in China, it is so clearly ascertained that investment of large company, independent foreign investment, and investment for entry of domestic market has been consequently increased for last 10 years. On the other hand, investment of small and medium sized company, joint venture investment, and cost reducing investment like low wage labor oriented investment has been decreased last same period. This is closely related with Chinese economy development and environmental change for investment. The investment of small and medium sized Korean company in China had dominantly became main trend under international market oriented economy development strategic for the 1990’s, meanwhile, it could be possibly interpreted that investment of large sized company in China became rapidly increased and dominant trend due to high growth of Chinese domestic market.
Regardless of size of Korean company, foreign investment for entry of domestic market in China has been rapidly increased since 2005 year according to this paper’s empirical survey by using medium classified statistic data, but also independent foreign investment among form of investment became distinctly preferred. This phenomenon derived from analysis is unusual because there is generally high correlation between joint venture and foreign company’s investment for domestic market on the basis of many researches.
Above analyzed contents would be statistically supported by empirical ANOVA test as well, in order words, differences in terms of size of investment, investment goal and investment form are statistically verified as level of significance, furthermore, change of investment trend of Korean company in China is statistically identified with meaningful difference in the periodical characteristics between 1990s and 2000s.
Based on analysis, it is consequently verified that Korean company’s foreign investment for cost reduction is decisively main trend in China during 1990’s, mean while, investment for entry of domestic market in China is dominantly established since 2000s. This is common phenomenon in the national wide investment in China. Furthermore, regardless of company’s size,independent joint venture among various kinds of foreign investment form is not only dominant trend, but also export oriented investment from Korean company has been decreased. In the other side, small medium sized company’s investment became usually out of main stream, large sized company’s investment has been relatively established as dominant trend. So, we can finally confirm that is statistically found significant level in case of large sized company’s investment.

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