다국적기업 현지자회사의 동적역량: 결정요인과 성과 (Dynamic Capabilities of Multinational Subsidiaries: Determinants and Performance)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 경영학연구 / 39권 / 5호 / 1151 ~ 1175페이지
· 저자명 : 권영철

초록

본 논문에서는 다국적기업 현지자회사의 동적역량(dynamic capabilities)의 결정요인과 효과성에 대해 분석하였다. 동적역량은 자원준거관점의 파생이론으로서 본 연구에서는 두 가지 능력, 즉 환경변화에 따른 혁신능력과 새로운 자원의 습득/갱신 능력을 동적역량의 핵심 구성요인으로 보았다. 이러한 동적역량은 이질적인 환경 하에서 사업을 영위해야만 하는다국적기업의 현지자회사들에게 더욱 요구된다. 국내에 투자한 외국기업의 127개 현지자회사를 대상으로 분석한 결과 혁신과 자원습득/갱신으로 대변되는 동적역량은 현지자회사의 현재의 경영성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났을 뿐만아니라 미래의 경영성과에 대한 기대도 높은 것으로 나타나 동적역량이 현지자회사의 지속적 경쟁우위에 기여할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 한편, 현지자회사의 동적역량 촉진 요인과 관련하여 모기업이 기업가적 조직문화를 견지할수록, 그리고현지자회사의 전략적 중요성과 자율권이 높을수록, 해당 자회사는 동적역량 구축에 더욱 몰입하는 것으로 나타났다. 본연구결과는 다국적기업의 현지자회사의 역할과 성공과 관련 일련의 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

영어초록

This studies addresses the dynamic capabilities of multinational subsidiaries. Specifically,this study has two research purposes. The first purpose is to figure out the factors that influence the dynamic capabilities of foreign subsidiaries, and the second is to assess the effectiveness of the dynamic capabilities of foreign subsidiaries. Furthermore, we analyse the future expected performance to check out the sustained competitive advantages derived from the dynamic capabilities.
The definition of dynamic capabilities is somewhat overlapping, ambiguous and inconsistent,as noted by Zahra et al.(2006). However, most studies agree that one common attribute of the dynamic capabilities is related to innovation capability and manipulation capability of the resources or resource bases to accommodate environmental changes in a timely fashion,which in turn enables the firm to sustain competitive advantages. This kind of dynamic capabilities is more required for foreign subsidiaries that operate in different business environments.
On the basis of the analysis of 127 foreign subsidiaries operating in Korea, it was found that dynamic capabilities have significant effects on both present performance and future expected performance. This result implies that foreign subsidiaries should pursuit innovation and manage resource bases to accommodate environmental changes in a timely fashion. In other words, foreign subsidiaries should devote to improve and develop new product, production process, marketing method, and business process to cope with rapidly changing environments in host countries. In this regard, foreign subsidiaries should keep on renewing resource base to have the innovation proceed successfully. If necessary, foreign subsidiaries try to acquire the imperative resources from the parent firm or other sister subsidiaries.
Regarding the determinant of dynamic capabilities, on the other hand, it was found that the dynamic capabilities of foreign subsidiaries are facilitated by such factors as the parent firm’s entrepreneurial culture, the strategic importance and autonomy of subsidiaries, as expected. This result implies that the role of subsidiary, in addition to the role of parent, is important for the construction of its dynamic capabilities. The parent firm should encourage its key foreign subsidiaries to take an initiative for accumulating their dynamic capabilities in host country markets.
Finally, the dynamic capability is operationalized by two sub-components, namely innovation capability and resource acquisition/renewal capabilities, in this paper. However, other important sub-components of dynamic capabilities are expected to develop in the future study.

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