다문화 시대 우리 소설의 역사 읽기 (Reading of the History of our Novels in the Multi-Cultural Environment - 'Namhan-San Fortress' by Kim Hoon -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국현대문예비평학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국문예비평연구 / 29호 / 5 ~ 30페이지
· 저자명 : 김명석

초록

이 논문은 김훈의 팩션『남한산성』을 텍스트로 최근 소설에서의 역사 읽기 방식의 변화를 살펴본다. 병자호란을 시대적 배경으로 남한산성을 공간적 배경으로 하는 소설은 조선 시대의 전쟁영웅소설에서부터 민족주의 역사소설, 민중적 역사소설의 단계를 거쳐 최근의 팩션에 와서는 다문화 시대의 새로운 역사의식을 보여준다.
그 첫 번째 특징은 ‘말의 성’ 남한산성이 보여주는 ‘공백’과 ‘독백’의 역사 읽기이다. 바로 이 역설적 지점에 김훈의 소설 작법이 있으며, 작품의 대화성이 가진 특징과 한계가 있다. 수많은 인물들의 ‘말의 노래’에서 드러나는 공백의 공간, 그리고 작가가 보여주는 독백의 자유가 이처럼 독자들의 큰 반향을 일으키는 것은 이 사회가 그만큼 다문화주의적으로 변해가는 것을 입증한다. 둘째는 역사 속 개인의 발견이다. 다성적인 인물 구도에도 불구하고 작가의 태도는 말로서 자신을 증명하는 주체들에 대해서 냉정한 태도를 보이며, 반대로 몸으로서 자신을 증명하는 이들을 옹호한다. 이 소설은 백성도 하나의 개인이라는 사실을 환기시키며, 소수자의 존재를 인정하는 다문화적 태도로 독자의 반응을 이끌어낸다. 셋째는 탈역사화와 다문화주의와의 관계이다. 탈역사주의적 태도를 비판하는 사람들은 여전히 민족주의 시대의 역사관으로 이야기하는 반면 다문화적 맥락에서는 남한산성에서의 경험이 주는 교훈도 다르게 해석된다.『남한산성』은 탈역사화된 망각의 서사가 아니라 무시당하고 묻혀버린 기록의 발굴로서 부끄럽고 고통스럽지만 밟고 지나가야할 ‘글’이자 그것은 동시에 다문화 시대 역사문학이 가야할 길이 된다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to examine how Korean history can be learned through Korean novels, such as 'Namhan-San Fortress', with emphasis on the code of multi-culturalism under the assumption that Korea is entering the Age of Multi-culturalism. First, the novel 'Namhan-San Fortress' can be regarded as a fortress of words that provides historical information with 'vacancy' and 'soliloquy'. It can be understood that Kim Hoon's writing style embraces the paradox of 'vacancy' and 'soliloquy' by considering the assertion that a literary work is an expression of the 'vacancy' and internal 'soliloquy' of the writer. In the novel, the author expresses vacancy as space for conversations among various characters while the speaker leaves his own soliloquy to allow the reader to differentiate between characters and the speaker. In this respect, there are features and limits of conversation in the work. The fact that readers respond greatly to the space of vacancy shown in the 'Song of Words' by numerous characters, and the freedom of soliloquy by the writer proves that the Korean society is becoming Multi-cultural. Second, since the 'individual' has only started to appear in recent literature, people and even the royal family and the king were not allowed to be individuals in old books and stories. However this new historical novel has found 'individuality' for those people and makes it possible for the reader to witness the discovery of individual personalities in history. In the novel, it is important to pay attention to the appearance of the boatman who was killed by Kim Sang Heon's sword at the ferry, the boatman's daughter, and the blacksmith Seo Nal Swe. Despite the assignment of diverse figures, the writer is cold towards the characters who prove themselves with words and protective towards characters who prove themselves with actions. Compared the historical novels that focused on heroes and ignored the ordinary people, or the novels that acknowledged people as only subjects of history, this novel reminds us that people are also individuals. This novel draws the readers through the trend of change into multi-culture that enables recognition of the existence of minorities rather than by the self-consciousness of individuals. Third is the relationship between anti-historism and multi-culturism. Anti-historism is another attitude toward history. If the destructive strategy of this work should be criticized as political nihilism, this could be a criticism against the current readers rather than against the writer. But there are people who do not agree with the concept of 'history' as it is described in 'anti-historism'. People who criticize anti-historism still talk with a nationalistic view of history while the lessons in 'Namhan-San Fortress' are translated in another aspect by the people who accept multi-culturalism. 'Namhan-San Fortress' is not a epic about history that was forgotten by anti-historism, but an excavation of records that were buried and ignored. Though sometime shameful and painful, the story and lessons should be deeply considered, and it is the way historical literature should be written in the age of multi-culturalism.

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