운동이 노화에 따른 뇌 구조 및 기능 변화에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Exercise on Structural and Functional Changes in the Aging Brain)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한의사협회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한의사협회지 / 52권 / 9호 / 907 ~ 919페이지
· 저자명 : 이계주, 유임주

초록

Arapid increase in the elderly population has raised social awareness for maintaining the health
of the elderly and initiated intense research in neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise can
improve not only cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness, but also suppresses the symptoms
of depression and anxiety, suggesting a possible role of exercise in the regulation of brain function.
Based on a substantial body of literature, here we introduce the effects of exercise on the
structural and functional changes in the aging brain, and also discuss the molecular and cellular
effects of exercise and motor learning. Studies show that regular exercise in the elderly promotes
neurocognitive function, prevents loss of brain tissue, and reduces the risk for neurodegenerative
diseases and brain injury. Although the molecular mechanisms, by which exercise regulates brain
function, has not been fully understood, recent cell biological and biochemical studies reveal that
exercise increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus, elevates the levels of neurotrophins such
as BDNF and IGF-1 to promote the survival of newly generated neurons. Exercise also induces
angiogenesis in the motor cortex and cerebellum to enhance delivery of glucose and oxygen to
neurons. Furthermore, complex motor skill learning increases the number of synapses to improve
cognitive and motor function. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate that exercise
serves as a behavioral intervention to prevent cognitive decline as well as neurodegenerative
diseases. Thus long-term regular exercise in parallel with various learning experiences will be
required to prepare successful aging. This study will provide fundamental insights into research in
neurodegenerative diseases and a better understanding of the exercise effects in brain function.

영어초록

Arapid increase in the elderly population has raised social awareness for maintaining the health
of the elderly and initiated intense research in neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise can
improve not only cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness, but also suppresses the symptoms
of depression and anxiety, suggesting a possible role of exercise in the regulation of brain function.
Based on a substantial body of literature, here we introduce the effects of exercise on the
structural and functional changes in the aging brain, and also discuss the molecular and cellular
effects of exercise and motor learning. Studies show that regular exercise in the elderly promotes
neurocognitive function, prevents loss of brain tissue, and reduces the risk for neurodegenerative
diseases and brain injury. Although the molecular mechanisms, by which exercise regulates brain
function, has not been fully understood, recent cell biological and biochemical studies reveal that
exercise increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus, elevates the levels of neurotrophins such
as BDNF and IGF-1 to promote the survival of newly generated neurons. Exercise also induces
angiogenesis in the motor cortex and cerebellum to enhance delivery of glucose and oxygen to
neurons. Furthermore, complex motor skill learning increases the number of synapses to improve
cognitive and motor function. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate that exercise
serves as a behavioral intervention to prevent cognitive decline as well as neurodegenerative
diseases. Thus long-term regular exercise in parallel with various learning experiences will be
required to prepare successful aging. This study will provide fundamental insights into research in
neurodegenerative diseases and a better understanding of the exercise effects in brain function.

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