중국 주택공적금(公積积) 제도에 관한 연구 (A Study on Chinese Housing Provident Fund System)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국질서경제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 질서경제저널 / 19권 / 1호 / 133 ~ 152페이지
· 저자명 : 김도훈

초록

본 논문은 중국의 주택공적금 제도(Housing Provident Fund)를 중국 공공주택 금융정책의 관점에서 논의하였다.
1991년 상하이에서 처음 시험적으로 실시된 중국의 주택공적금 제도는 중국만이 가지고 있는 중국 특유의 사회보장성 금융 제도로 중국 주택개혁에서 중요한 역할을 하였다. 중국은 주택 시장화로 주택시장의 개혁을 추진하였으나, 이로 인한 주택가격의 급등은 중ㆍ저소득층의 주택구매를 어렵게 하였고 빈부의 격차를 확대 시키는 등 사회적 문제로 확대되고 있다. 이런 사회ㆍ경제적 환경의 변화는 중국의 주택정책과 공적금 제도에 대한 사회의 새로운 요구를 가져오게 되었다. 현재 중국의 경제적, 사회적 상황을 고려할 때 중국의 주택정책의 방향은 성장과 개혁을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 주택보장을 강화하는 정책에 중점을 두어야 할 것이다. 따라서 주택공적금의 발전방향은 공평하고 효율적인 금융자원이 제공될 수 있는 공공주택 금융 메커니즘에서 논의되어야 할 것이다.

영어초록

This paper discusses the development directions of Chinese Housing Provident Fund System in the context of the finance policy for public housing. Chinese Housing Provident Fund System was implemented on a trial basis in 1991 in Shanghai. It is China’s unique social security financial system that played an important role as the financial system for housing reform. Although China has completed the housing market reform by the housing marketization, the reform caused soaring housing prices. It has been expanded to such social problems that has been difficult for low-income class to purchase house, and enlarged the gap between rich and poor.
This change in the social environment has been brought to new demands of society for the housing policy and Chinese Housing Provident Fund System. Considering the recent economic and social situation in China, the directions of housing policy will need to focus on public housing to strengthen the housing guarantee. And the directions of Chinese Housing Provident Fund System should be discussed the financial mechanism of public housing that can be provided effective financial resources.
The development directions of the Chinese Housing Provident Fund must match the goals of public housing policy and the objectives of public housing financial system. And it will also have to comply the development stage of the housing market and financial system of China.
Therefore, first of all, it should be clarify the target of Chinese Housing Provident Fund, because it is very closely related to the equity and efficiency that is the goals of public housing policy The equity and efficiency of the financial policy for public housing can be improved by setting the purpose to realize the goals of public housing policy. The targets of public housing policy in China carry out for the households of the middle and lower income class, not for all the households that it is a neutral policy. Therefore, the targets of public housing funds must be the same as the targets of public housing policy. And the public housing funds must have a function of income redistribution to play a role as the financial policy for public housing.
It is necessary to secure the equity against the application for public housing fund, the rules of deposit and the setting of interest rates, and to expand the range of the adaptation and use of the public housing fund for the households of the middle and lower income class. It should support to improve the functions of a reasonable cost payment, a compensation policy, an interest rate policy and a loan policy for personal.

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