연구개발투자기업의 성장단계별 특성 분석: 경기도 중소중견기업을 중심으로 (A Study on the Characteristics of R&D-Invested Firms by Stage of Business Growth)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한독경상학회
· 수록지 정보 : 경상논총 / 39권 / 3호 / 83 ~ 105페이지
· 저자명 : 이연희

초록

기업들은 성장단계에 따라 경영전략 및 활동이 달라지므로 관련 지원정책도 차별화가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 연구개발에 투자한 중소중견기업을 성장단계별로 나누어 특성을 비교․분석하고 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재 연구개발투자 중소중견기업 약 28,000개를 대상으로 특성(일반현황, 혁신성, 재무적 성과)을 분석하였다.
분석결과, 우리나라 전체 사업체 구조(소상공인, 소기업, 중기업, 중견기업 간의 비중)와 비교하여 연구개발투자기업 내에서의 소기업, 중기업, 중견기업 비중이 각각 월등히 높고, 기술집약적 업종에 주로 종사하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 소상공인 그룹의 평균 업력이 9.4년, 중견기업의 평균 업력은 25.6년으로 분석되었다. 중기업(90%), 소기업(66%), 소상공인(41%)이 혁신형 중소기업 인증을 받았으며 연구개발집약도는 소상공인, 소기업, 중견기업, 중기업 순으로 높게 나타났다. 연평균 매출 증가율은 소상공인이 가장 높았으나 다른 그룹과의 차이가 크지는 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 연평균 고용 증가율에 있어서 중기업과 중견기업이 일자리 창출에 더 많이 기여하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
본 연구결과의 시사점은 첫째, 혁신형 중소기업 육성제도가 연구개발투자 중소기업의 성장에 긍정적 효과를 나타내므로 중소기업들이 이 제도를 잘 활용하도록 독려하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 연구개발집약도와 연평균 매출 성장률이 가장 높게 나타난 소상공인에 대한 추가적인 심층분석을 통해 정책수요를 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 일자리 확대를 위해 고용 기여도가 높은 중기업과 중견기업을 대상으로 맞춤형 육성정책을 강화하는 것이 필요하다.

영어초록

Business strategies are different at the growing stage of firms. So, SME policies should also be differentiated according to the firms’growth. The purpose of this study is to find characteristics of R&D-invested SMEs by stage of business growth and to provide policy insights.
The penal data was composed of 94,035 firm data from Korea Enterprise Data (KED). The first step of the analysis was to make a dataset about firms that have ever invested at least 5,000 won in R&D during 2015~2019. The selected data with 27,993 firms was divided into four groups according to growth stage including micro, small, and medium enterprises and middle market companies. In the second step, the four groups were compared with indicators such as a firm’s general information (establishment period, type of industry), innovation activities (innovative company certifications, R&D intensity) and business performances (compound annual growth rate of sales, compound annual growth rate of employees and valued-added production per person).
 The findings indicate that the size of investment in R&D by active firms is bigger than that of general firms. They mainly work in technology- and knowledge-intensive industries including pharmaceutical and medical, metal machining, electronics and communication equipment. In terms of age, even micro-sized firms were 9.4 years old on average, and middle market companies were 25.6 years old on average.
Micro-sized enterprises showed the highest R&D intensity of 6.0%, followed by small firms with 4.4%, middle market companies with 3.4% and medium firms with 2.9%. In terms of innovative company certifications, 90% of medium firms had at least one of three certifications(venture, innobiz and mainbiz), as did 66% of small and 41% of micro-sized enterprises.
The compound annual growth rate of sales was highest for micro-sized enterprises, but the gaps among other groups were small. However, in terms of the compound annual growth rate of employees, the findings indicated that it was 1.84% for medium firms and 0.98% for middle market companies, so both groups contributed to job creation better than small firms (0.75%) and micro firms (-0.2%).
The study provides three suggestions for SME policy. First, since the certification systems for innovative SMEs such as venture, innobiz and mainbiz positively affect the growth of the R&D-invested firms, one should therefore encourage SMEs to use these policy instruments. Second, it is essential to explore why the high rate of R&D intensity and compound annual growth rate of sales are shown by micro and small firms, and to design customized policy support. Finally, SME policies particularly for medium firms and middle market companies should be introduced to foster job creation.

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