인도네시아의 새로운 산림 거버넌스: KPH와 지역사회의 산림 파트너십 (New Forest Governance in Indonesia: A Forest Partnership between Forest Management Units and Local Communities)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국동남아학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동남아시아연구 / 24권 / 4호 / 95 ~ 145페이지
· 저자명 : 장상경, 배재수

초록

The size of tropical forests in Indonesia is the third largest in the world.
Approximately 70 million people, or 28% of the population of Indonesia,rely on the Indonesian forests for their livelihood. The Indonesian foresthas been a place to live as well as a means of livelihood to local people.
It has also been a way to bolster the insufficient national finances of thegovernment. Today the Indonesian forest is degrading at its fastest pace inhistory, exacerbated by conflict of interests between local communitiesand the government. The Indonesian government faces a range ofalarming challenges including guaranteeing local communities the rightto use forests, while also ensuring sustainable forest management. Basedon these observations, this paper focuses on KPHs (Forest ManagementUnits) and Kemitraan (Forest Partnership), which are expected to beintegral to the new system of governance for forests in Indonesia. TheIndonesian government initiated the KPH system to delineate areas ofjurisdiction over forests by management units, and to manage forests byforest management plan submitted by KPH. In addition, the Indonesiangovernment initiated the Kemitraan system to manage forests andredistribute profits between concession holders and local communities,through contractual arrangements. KPHs maintain an understanding withlocal communities: KPHs secure management funds via Kemitraan forlocal communities in special areas (wilayah tertentu) for whichconcessions have never been issued, while local communities undertaketo live and work in forests in sustainable ways. The merits of theKemitraan system lie in the simplicity of its permit issuance procedureand reduction of transaction costs, compared to other systems like HKm(Community Forest) or HD (Village Forest). To fully enact the Kemitraansystem between KPHs and local communities, national legislation wouldneed to be reformed, in order to expand the tracts of potentially usableforest for local communities, and also to expand KPH’s authority byincluding non-concession areas to the range of special areas. Alternativeplans should also be prepared in anticipation of financial problems suchas insufficient funding. REDD+ financial support from developedcountries can be one source of such alternative funding.

영어초록

The size of tropical forests in Indonesia is the third largest in the world.
Approximately 70 million people, or 28% of the population of Indonesia,rely on the Indonesian forests for their livelihood. The Indonesian foresthas been a place to live as well as a means of livelihood to local people.
It has also been a way to bolster the insufficient national finances of thegovernment. Today the Indonesian forest is degrading at its fastest pace inhistory, exacerbated by conflict of interests between local communitiesand the government. The Indonesian government faces a range ofalarming challenges including guaranteeing local communities the rightto use forests, while also ensuring sustainable forest management. Basedon these observations, this paper focuses on KPHs (Forest ManagementUnits) and Kemitraan (Forest Partnership), which are expected to beintegral to the new system of governance for forests in Indonesia. TheIndonesian government initiated the KPH system to delineate areas ofjurisdiction over forests by management units, and to manage forests byforest management plan submitted by KPH. In addition, the Indonesiangovernment initiated the Kemitraan system to manage forests andredistribute profits between concession holders and local communities,through contractual arrangements. KPHs maintain an understanding withlocal communities: KPHs secure management funds via Kemitraan forlocal communities in special areas (wilayah tertentu) for whichconcessions have never been issued, while local communities undertaketo live and work in forests in sustainable ways. The merits of theKemitraan system lie in the simplicity of its permit issuance procedureand reduction of transaction costs, compared to other systems like HKm(Community Forest) or HD (Village Forest). To fully enact the Kemitraansystem between KPHs and local communities, national legislation wouldneed to be reformed, in order to expand the tracts of potentially usableforest for local communities, and also to expand KPH’s authority byincluding non-concession areas to the range of special areas. Alternativeplans should also be prepared in anticipation of financial problems suchas insufficient funding. REDD+ financial support from developedcountries can be one source of such alternative funding.

참고자료

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