夫餘의 얼굴: 둥퇀-마오얼산 출토의 金銅 面具와 그 外延

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국미술연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 美術史論壇 / 38권
· 저자명 : 김민구

영어초록

Six rare face-shaped gilt bronze objects were discovered in Jilin(吉林) in the 1920s and 1930s. Four among them unfortunately vanished, but two were documented. They became, however, nearly forgotten and due to tantalizing records we know little of their original archaeological context. Nevertheless, they certainly came from Mts. Dongtuanshan(東團山) and Mao’ershan(帽兒山), the cluster of two sites of great importance today, identified as the political and ritual center of the Puyŏ state. Given the crucial role that Puyŏ played in the development of such ensuing polities as Koguryŏ(高句麗) and Paekche(百濟), it is clear that these masks are the earliest extant and most monumental pieces of sculpture in the entire pan-Korean region.
The actual functions of these faces are, however, vague. But they share similarities in design and concept with other objects known sparsely across China, and might have been used to ornament weaponry, harnesses or chariot fittings. Among these comparata, an extraordinary find is from a large Shang(商) royal tomb in Xibeigang(西北崗), Anyang(安陽, Henan). For diffusion of such prototypes into Puyŏ, Yan(燕) seems to have acted as local intermediary, and we might in fact witness an attenuated result in Shi’ertai Yingzi(十二臺營子), Chaoyang(朝陽, Liaoning).
Stylistically linear, angular, and blunt in their shape, the human male masks of Puyŏ feature such intriguing ethnic qualities as pierced earlobes and lofty topknots. Topknots are of momentous significance, a custom historically associated with the ancient people of Joseon(朝鮮) by the early second century BCE upon their contact to Wiman(衛滿). By extension, these masks are important archaeological evidence to link Joseon and Puyŏ, the two most essential components that constitute the ethno-cultural identity of the “Koreans.” At this point, it is particularly remarkable that Koguryŏ bronzes and murals followed the artistic and ethnic tradition of the Puyŏ masks.

참고자료

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