고려시대 공적 ․ 사적경호의 특성과 현대경호와의 비교연구

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국경호경비학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국경호경비학회지 / 36호
· 저자명 : 공적경호, 사적경호, 금군, 견룡, 도방, 별초군

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론
Ⅱ. 고려시대 금군의 형성과 공경호적 특성
Ⅲ. 경대승 도방의 사경호적 특성과 해체
Ⅳ. 최충헌 도방의 거듭남과 사경호적 위력
Ⅴ. 고려시대 공적 ․ 사적 경호와 현대경호학적 의미
Ⅵ. 결 론

초록

고려건국 후 왕의 측근 친위군에 대한 제도적 정비는 성종시대에 이루어졌다. 건국 후
국가제도를 정비하는 법제의 확립과 더불어 2군 6위에 소속된 금군으로 거듭나게 되었다.
금군의 핵심부대는 견룡이며, 그들은 필요에 따라 국왕의 가까운 위치에서 호위하거나 궁성
을 수비하고 방어하는 부대로 성장하면서 제도적 위상을 갖추었다고 볼 수 있다.
사적경호제도인 도방(都房)의 창설은 경대승이 신변 안전을 위하여 자신을 따르는 무술
이 뛰어난 군졸들과 침식을 같이하면서부터 시작되었다. 경대승이 병사하고, 그의 도방도
곧 해체되었다. 최충헌은 집권 후 경대승의 도방을 부활시켜 이를 보완하고 발전시켰다.
최충헌은 그의 문하에 문무를 두루 겸비한 문객들이 많은 가운데 유능한 인물을 영입하여
군사기반을 강화하는 한편, 문신들의 조언도 받아들이며 도방의 세력을 확대하였다. 이로써
자신의 정권을 위협할 수 있는 금군의 힘을 약화시킴으로써 정치적 입지를 굳혔다. 최우의
집권 이후 6번 도방을 내외도방으로 확장, 개편하여 실질적인 도방으로 발전시켰다. 또
야별초를 창설하여 도방의 위기를 방지하는 효력도 발휘하였다. 고려시대의 공경호인 금군
은 왕권이 무력화된 무신집권시대에도 그 제도는 존속되었으나, 군권을 위시한 실권은 사적
경호 조직인 도방이 행사하였고 왕은 다만 상징적인 존재로 명맥을 유지하였다.
고려시대의 경호와 현대 경호를 비교해 볼 때 공통점과 차이점을 발견할 수 있으나,
경호의 본질에 있어서는 경호대상자의 안전을 보장한다는 공통점이 있다. 차이점으로는
고려시대의 충성심과 현대의 이익추구가 각각 그 특징으로 대비되며, 고려시대 경호가 무력
에 의한 강압으로 다스려진 것이라면, 오늘날의 경호는 자유의지에 의한 의무와 책임감의
수행으로 이루어진 것이라고 볼 수 있다.

영어초록

This study considers the characteristics of the separation of public and
private security service during Koryo dynasty, and compares it with the modern
security service. Modern day security serviceʼs definition of private and public
security service was used to distinguish them. Given the different historical
settings, itʼs difficult to argue that the distinction between public and private
service during Koryo dynasty was clear, but it can be said that public security
service was centered around palace guard and concerns the activities of protest,
and military made for the relationship, and private security service was
centered around power of DoBang and includes the activities of malingering,
and Byolchogun.
During the early days of Koryo, protest, district military and soldiers who
stay in the palace were all parts of a palace revolt and this institutional
improvement of soldiers who stay in the palace was accomplished during King
Seongjongʼs rule. The tradition of a palace revolt can find its roots in the middle
military, and after the unification, a palace revolt was reformed into the king's
palace revolt of second and the 6th along the course of establishing the nationʼs
system. All of the changes stem from the reformation for consolidating the
royal authority.
Gyung Dae Seoung wanted to protect himself and he slept with his army
night and days and because of that, group of soldiers was created and it was
called DOBANG. Some members were from dobang gyeonryong, The forced
were powerful because it was gathered with a warriors with extraordinaire
martial arts and competent management. Most of the soldiers followed gyeong
dae seung because they believed that he has a strong leadership and loves his
people, and had a strong faith in him. However, the general gyeong jang had
a belief that politics must be reverted to the previous so the relationships
between jungbang wasn't smooth. Because of the economic operational
problems, due to fraud committed by the mens under his command failed to
maintain integrity and was criticised.The misconception also fed up with the
emperor and the deepening relationships between the soldiers, his dobang was
dismantled.
After he took over the dobang, for his personal safety and to strengthen
his position he compensated gyeon dae seong's dobang and developed the
organization. In the process of extending the dobang Choi chung heon recruited
many talented people to strengthen the military base, and also accepted the
advice and expanded the power of Dobang. Choi Chung Heon thus consolidated
his political gains by weakening the power of the king's army and adjusting
the myth, which could've threatened his regime, and this was called Dobang
number 6th. Dobang number six got even more powerful by his son named
Choi woo, and after ruling, he expanded into a room, and a substantial
reorganization of Dobang was developed. And then the creation of yabyeolcho
also showed the effect to prevent the crisis.
Although the palace guards who were public security service of Koryo
Dynasty was still maintained during the military rule era when the royal
authority was incapacitated, it was only maintained to have a symbolic
meaning as the actual authority including military power was with Choi, the
master of Dobang, private security service group. Likewise, during the rule
of Choi, private securty service could reign over public security service, and
the noteworthy characteristic of Dobang is that it assisted the private soldier
groups to seize the military power by reorganizing and modifying military
system.
Although both differences and similarities can be found when comparing the
guards of Koryo Dynasty with those of contemporary society, they have a
similarity in terms of the essence of guards that they guarantee the safety
of their clients. As for differences, the royalty of Koryo Dynasty and the pursuit
of profit of contemporary society are in contrast, and contemporary guards
can be seen as the fulfillment of responsibility and duty by free will, whereas
guards of Koryo Dynasty were ruled with military coercion.

참고자료

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