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물리분석실험 calibration 결과레포트

"물리분석실험 calibration 결과레포트"에 대한 내용입니다.
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한컴오피스
최초등록일 2023.02.06 최종저작일 2022.03
Calibration 물리분석실험 보고서 실험 보고서 계통 오차
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물리분석실험 calibration 결과레포트
상세정보 자료후기 1 자주묻는질문

  • 미리보기

    소개

    "물리분석실험 calibration 결과레포트"에 대한 내용입니다.

    목차

    1. Abstract
    2. Data & Results
    3. Discussions
    4. Homework
    5. Reference

    본문내용

    ◎ pipette 교정
    먼저 measuring pipette의 경우 10.0436 0.0158 ml로 교정되었다. A급 pipette의 경우 허용 오차가 0.05ml이고 본 실험에서 교정된 범위는 양의 오차를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 transfer pipette의 경우 9.9984 0.0232 ml로 교정되었다. A급 transfer pipette의 허용오차 범위인 0.02 ml 안에 들어오는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
    transfer pipette의 경우 t 분포를 이용한 신뢰구간이 조금 넓은 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 표본들의 표준편차가 조금 크기 때문인데 이는 실험상에서 매니스커스를 여러 명의 실험자가 조금 다른 기준을 가지고 읽는 것으로 인한 시차 오차에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 신뢰구간을 좀 더 정확하고 작은 범위로 구하기 위해서는 표본의 수를 더 늘리고 시차오차와 같은 실험 상에서 실험자의 주관이나 실수에 의해 생기는 오차를 막을 필요가 있어 보인다.
    pipette을 이용한 교정을 할 때 pipette 안에 액체의 마지막 방울은 남아있는 것을 확인할 수 있는데 이때, 정확한 측정을 위해서 pipette의 마지막 방울을 불어서 넣으면 안 된다. 이 마지막 방울을 넣을 경우 더 많은 액체를 옮기게 된다. 이 방울은 표면장력에 의해서 잘 이동하지도 않을 뿐더러 pipette을 제작할 때 이 마지막 방울은 이동 부피에 영향을 주지 않도록 계산되어 설계된 것이기 때문에 억지로 불어넣을 필요가 없다.
    본 실험에서의 결과를 통해 더 정확하게 10ml를 옮길 수 있는 기구는 transfer pipette으로 확인된다. 실제로도 transfer pipette이 더 정확하다.

    ◎ volumetric flask 교정
    volumetric flask의 경우 무게-부피 교정을 통해서 49.9194 0.0223 ml로 교정되었다. A급 volumetric flask의 경우 허용오차가 0.05ml인데 본 실험에서 구한 교정값과는 큰 차이를 보인다.

    참고자료

    · Harris, D. C. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", 8th edition, W. H. Freeman, 2010.
    · "Electronic Analytical Balance", Wikiscales, accessed 03-20-22, http://www.wikiscales.com/articles/electronic-analytical-balance/

  • AI와 토픽 톺아보기

    • 1. Calibration
      Calibration is a critical process in many scientific and industrial applications to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements. It involves comparing the output of a measurement instrument or device against a known standard or reference value to identify and correct any systematic errors or deviations. Proper calibration is essential for obtaining precise and reproducible results, which is crucial in fields such as analytical chemistry, medical diagnostics, and manufacturing. Without calibration, the measurements obtained may be inaccurate, leading to incorrect conclusions or decisions. Calibration should be performed regularly, following established protocols and using appropriate reference standards, to maintain the integrity of the measurement system and ensure the validity of the data collected.
    • 2. Measuring Pipette Calibration
      Measuring pipettes are essential tools in many laboratories, used to accurately transfer and dispense precise volumes of liquids. Proper calibration of these pipettes is crucial to ensure the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The calibration process typically involves weighing the volume of liquid dispensed by the pipette and comparing it to the expected or nominal volume. Factors such as pipette type, liquid properties, environmental conditions, and user technique can all affect the accuracy of the measurements. Regular calibration, following standardized protocols, helps to identify and correct any systematic errors or drift in the pipette's performance. This ensures that the pipette delivers the intended volume consistently, which is essential for reliable experimental results and analytical procedures. Maintaining well-calibrated pipettes is a fundamental aspect of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 3. Transfer Pipette Calibration
      Transfer pipettes are widely used in laboratories to accurately transfer specific volumes of liquids from one container to another. Proper calibration of these pipettes is crucial to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements. The calibration process typically involves weighing the volume of liquid dispensed by the pipette and comparing it to the expected or nominal volume. Factors such as pipette type, liquid properties, environmental conditions, and user technique can all affect the accuracy of the measurements. Regular calibration, following standardized protocols, helps to identify and correct any systematic errors or drift in the pipette's performance. This ensures that the pipette delivers the intended volume consistently, which is essential for reliable experimental results and analytical procedures. Maintaining well-calibrated transfer pipettes is a fundamental aspect of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 4. Volumetric Flask Calibration
      Volumetric flasks are essential laboratory glassware used to prepare accurate solutions and dilutions. Proper calibration of these flasks is crucial to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements. The calibration process typically involves determining the true volume of the flask by weighing the amount of water it can hold at a specific temperature, and comparing it to the nominal or marked volume. Factors such as flask material, temperature, and meniscus formation can affect the accuracy of the measurements. Regular calibration, following standardized protocols, helps to identify and correct any systematic errors or variations in the flask's volume. This ensures that the flask delivers the intended volume consistently, which is essential for the preparation of accurate solutions and dilutions used in analytical procedures, chemical reactions, and other laboratory applications. Maintaining well-calibrated volumetric flasks is a fundamental aspect of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 5. Burette Calibration
      Burettes are essential laboratory equipment used for the precise delivery and titration of liquids. Proper calibration of burettes is crucial to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. The calibration process typically involves determining the true volume of liquid dispensed by the burette and comparing it to the expected or marked volume. Factors such as burette design, liquid properties, environmental conditions, and user technique can all affect the accuracy of the measurements. Regular calibration, following standardized protocols, helps to identify and correct any systematic errors or drift in the burette's performance. This ensures that the burette delivers the intended volume consistently, which is essential for accurate titrations, quantitative analysis, and other laboratory applications. Maintaining well-calibrated burettes is a fundamental aspect of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 6. Electronic Balance Measurement
      Electronic balances are widely used in laboratories and industrial settings to accurately measure the mass or weight of various substances. Proper calibration and operation of these balances are crucial to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements. The calibration process typically involves comparing the balance's readings against known reference weights to identify and correct any systematic errors or drift in the balance's performance. Factors such as balance type, environmental conditions, and user technique can all affect the accuracy of the measurements. Regular calibration, following standardized protocols, helps to maintain the balance's precision and accuracy. This is essential for applications such as analytical chemistry, materials science, and quality control, where precise mass measurements are critical for obtaining reliable results and making informed decisions. Maintaining well-calibrated electronic balances is a fundamental aspect of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 7. Distilled Water Temperature
      The temperature of distilled water is an important consideration in various laboratory and industrial applications, as it can affect the accuracy and reliability of measurements and processes. Distilled water is commonly used as a reference liquid for calibrating measurement instruments, such as pipettes, burettes, and volumetric flasks. The temperature of the distilled water can influence the volume and density of the liquid, which in turn can impact the accuracy of the calibration. Additionally, the temperature of distilled water may be critical in applications where precise temperature control is required, such as in analytical techniques, chemical reactions, or temperature-sensitive experiments. Monitoring and maintaining the appropriate temperature of distilled water is essential to ensure the validity and reproducibility of the measurements and processes that rely on this reference liquid. Proper temperature control and monitoring are crucial aspects of good laboratory practice and quality assurance.
    • 8. Micropipette Characteristics and Usage
      Micropipettes are essential tools in many laboratories, used to accurately transfer and dispense small volumes of liquids, often in the microliter or nanoliter range. Understanding the characteristics and proper usage of micropipettes is crucial to ensure the accuracy and precision of the measurements. Factors such as pipette type, volume range, tip size, and user technique can all affect the performance of the micropipette. Proper calibration, following standardized protocols, is necessary to verify the accuracy and consistency of the volume dispensed. Additionally, factors like liquid properties, environmental conditions, and pipetting technique can influence the reliability of the measurements. Careful handling, regular maintenance, and adherence to good laboratory practices are essential to ensure the optimal performance and longevity of micropipettes. Mastering the use of these specialized instruments is a fundamental skill for researchers and technicians working in fields that require precise liquid handling, such as analytical chemistry, molecular biology, and biomedical research.
    • 9. Reasons for Using Water as Calibration Liquid
      Water is commonly used as the calibration liquid for various laboratory instruments and equipment due to several key reasons: 1. Availability and purity: Distilled or deionized water is readily available in most laboratories and can be easily obtained in a high-purity form, making it a convenient and reliable reference liquid. 2. Well-characterized properties: The physical and chemical properties of water, such as density, viscosity, and thermal expansion, are well-documented and can be accurately determined, allowing for precise calibration. 3. Compatibility with a wide range of applications: Water is a universal solvent and is compatible with a wide variety of laboratory equipment, including pipettes, burettes, volumetric flasks, and other liquid-handling devices. 4. Traceability and standardization: The use of water as a calibration liquid allows for traceability to international standards and facilitates the standardization of measurement procedures across different laboratories and organizations. 5. Stability and reproducibility: Water is a relatively stable and consistent liquid, with minimal variations in its properties under controlled conditions, ensuring reliable and reproducible calibration results. 6. Safety and environmental considerations: Water is a non-toxic, non-flammable, and environmentally friendly liquid, making it a safe and sustainable choice for calibration purposes. The use of water as a calibration liquid, combined with established protocols and reference standards, helps to ensure the accuracy, precision, and reliability of measurements in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.
    • 10. Electronic Balance Working Principle
      Electronic balances, also known as digital balances, are widely used in laboratories and industrial settings to accurately measure the mass or weight of various substances. The working principle of an electronic balance is based on the conversion of the force exerted by the object being weighed into an electrical signal that can be displayed as a numerical value. The key components of an electronic balance include: 1. Load cell: This is the primary sensing element that converts the force exerted by the object into an electrical signal. Load cells typically use strain gauges or piezoelectric sensors to measure the deformation or stress caused by the applied force. 2. Analog-to-digital converter (ADC): The electrical signal from the load cell is converted into a digital format that can be processed by the balance's microprocessor. 3. Microprocessor: The digital signal from the ADC is processed by the microprocessor, which performs calculations to determine the mass or weight of the object being measured. 4. Display: The processed weight information is then displayed on a digital display, often with the option to select different units of measurement. The accuracy and precision of an electronic balance depend on factors such as the quality of the load cell, the resolution of the ADC, the calibration of the balance, and the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, vibrations) in which it is used. Regular calibration and maintenance are essential to ensure the reliable and consistent performance of electronic balances in various laboratory and industrial applications.

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