성인간호학2 A+ 케이스스터디 - Peumothorax (문헌고찰 포함, 간호진단 5개, 간호과정 2개)

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1. Pneumothorax

기흉은 일명 공기가슴증이라 하며, 장측 혹은 벽측흉막의 손상으로 인하여 폐와 흉벽 사이의 흉막강 안에 공기가 축적되어 흉막내압이 상승하고 폐의 허탈 정도에 따라 폐활량이 감소하는 현상을 말한다. 자발성 기흉과 외상성 기흉으로 구분되며, 자발성 기흉은 건강한 사람에게 발생하고 폐의 가장 윗부분 흉막에 있는 작은 공기 주머니에 의해 발생한다. 증상으로는 흉통과 호흡곤란이 있으며, 진단은 흉부 X-선 검사로 한다. 치료는 흉강 내에 있는 폐에서 누출된 공기를 제거하여 폐의 재팽창을 유도하고 흉강을 효과적으로 폐쇄하여 재발을 방지하는 것이다.
2. Nursing Care

간호사는 기흉 환자의 호흡 상태, 통증, 감염 위험성, 불안 등을 사정하고 관리해야 한다. 호흡 상태 관리를 위해 산소 공급, 심호흡 교육 등을 실시하고, 통증 관리를 위해 진통제 투여, 자세 변경 등을 한다. 또한 수술 부위 감염 예방, 불안 감소를 위한 교육 등을 제공한다.

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1. Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax is a serious medical condition that occurs when air accumulates in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, lung disease, or even spontaneous rupture of small air sacs in the lung. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as a collapsed lung can lead to respiratory distress and even life-threatening complications if left untreated. Treatment typically involves inserting a chest tube to remove the trapped air and allow the lung to re-expand. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the underlying cause. Proper nursing care is essential in managing patients with pneumothorax, including closely monitoring vital signs, administering oxygen therapy, and providing pain management. Nurses also play a key role in educating patients and their families about the condition, its causes, and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention if symptoms worsen. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals is crucial for ensuring the best possible outcomes for patients with pneumothorax.
2. Nursing Care

Nursing care is a critical component of the healthcare system, as nurses are responsible for providing direct, hands-on care to patients and playing a vital role in their recovery and well-being. Nurses are often the primary point of contact for patients, and their responsibilities can range from administering medications and monitoring vital signs to providing emotional support and educating patients and their families. Effective nursing care requires a combination of technical skills, critical thinking, and compassion. Nurses must be able to quickly assess a patient's condition, identify potential problems, and implement appropriate interventions to address them. They must also be skilled in communication, collaboration, and patient advocacy, ensuring that the patient's needs and preferences are taken into account throughout the care process. Additionally, nurses play a crucial role in promoting health and wellness, through patient education, preventive care, and the coordination of interdisciplinary care teams. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the role of nurses will become increasingly important, as they are uniquely positioned to provide personalized, holistic care that can improve patient outcomes and enhance the overall quality of healthcare delivery.

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