There are two warriors.if you have to choose only one weapon between spear and shield, What will you pick up for fighting?Of course, you will pick up a shear because the shield can not guarantee victory or survival. If two guys have already had a strong spear without shield, they must be very careful for fighting because they cannot be guaranteed their victory in their fighting.But if one of them have a strong shield enough to defend other’s spear, he might be free of his behavior as well as decreasing his weakness.In these context, when U.S tried to deploy missile defense sys’, other countries worried about it.They thought MD system is not only defensive weapon, but also severe threat.And U.S wanted South Korea to join in their MD sys, but South Korea hesitated to do it. We didn’t want to provoke neighboring countries especially China.It is also controversial issue until today.....
TRUMAN’S DECISION:TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN- Analyzing through Rational Actors Model -Jung, Jae SungINTRODUCTIONOn August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and followed up with a second atomic attack on Nagasaki three days later. After nearly four years of war with the United States, the Japanese Empire surrendered. President Harry S. Truman’s decision to use the new weapon ultimately avoided the estimated 250,000 casualties that the United States would have suffered during the invasion of Japan. Additionally, Truman’s decision saved perhaps millions of Japanese soldiers and civilians on the Japanese homeland.While Truman made the final decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, the origins of the weapon began during President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration. At that time, U.S. found Nazi Germany’s efforts to develop an atomic weapon. Nazi Germany’s efforts led to the creation of the United States atomic weapons program These attacks, which began in October 1944, followed several critical military defeats for the Japanese.And final battles in Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 before dropping atomic bombs on Japan also show Japanese persistent resistance. The Battle of Iwo Jima was started on 19 February 1945 and lasted until 26 March 1945 when the last Japanese soldiers were captured or killed. This was the first battle of the war fought on the Japanese "home islands" and the fighting was very fierce. The Japanese had built deep bunkers to protect themselves, with tunnels so that they could move safely between the bunkers. There were many large hidden guns protecting the island. The battle started when the U.S. ships began to fire their guns at the island. Then nearly 100 aircrafts attacked, dropping their bombs on the Japanese positions. Then the ships fired again and again. However these attacks did not hurt the Japanese much because they were hidden safely in their bunkers. When the ships had stopped fh other options effectively. Therefore, the United States tried to attack Japanese cities with intense aerial bombardment and American submarines were sinking Japanese shipping.Alternative 2. Diplomatic negotiationThe second option the United States considered was the use of diplomatic channels to pressure the Japanese to accept unconditional surrender. Within the American Government, there were two views on how to get the Japanese to accept unconditional surrender. The “retentionists” view wanted to redefine the terms to allow them to retain the Emperor as a figurehead. Joseph C. Grew, former ambassador to Tokyo and now the Acting Secretary of State, was the leading advocate of this view and presented it to President Truman on May 28, 1945. Grew’s argument centered on the need to keep the Emperor in place to make the demilitarization of over two million Japanese troops easier and to minimize friction between the Japanese people and American occupation forces.The opposing view was frome middle or latter part of 1946 without a land campaign on the Japanese home islands. Therefore, in April 1945, at the height of the Luzon and Okinawa campaigns, the Joint Chiefs of Staff instructed Admiral Nimitz and General MacArthur to make plans and preparations for an attack on Japan. On 25 May 1945, the JCS issued a directive to begin formal planning for the campaign, code-named "Operation Downfall," which was to force Japan's unconditional surrender. Operation Downfall was divided into two major operations, Operation Olympic, the invasion of the island of Kyushu to be executed in the fall of 1945, and Operation Coronet, the invasion of Honshu, scheduled for the spring of 1946.U.S. Decision during First PhaseOn June 18, 1945, President Truman called together a number of his military and civilian advisors to discuss the campaign against Japan. Truman wanted to know the number of men and ships required to defeat Japan, estimated time and expected casualties for the invasion of Japa had also aspirations of territorial expansion in East Asia. This can be seen by looking at both Stalin’s and the Soviet Union's behavior. Stalin expected that for Russia’s assistance in the defeat of Japan “Russia will share in the actual occupation of Japan.” This at one time was a concession that the United States was willing to make. However, with developing the atomic bomb, the United States no longer desired Soviet assistance. Then Stalin still tried to gain territory and influence even when his help was not needed. This can be seen because after the Soviet Union was caught off guard by the United States’ surprise use of the atomic bomb: “Stalin decided to enter the war on 9 August, a week earlier than previously scheduled, or a week earlier than President Truman had anticipated.” The Soviet Union desired to share in the spoils of war by joining in the war against Japan.United States government officials hoped to keep the Soviet Union out of East Asia. Byrnes who was Truman’s per 7 -
미국의 미사일 방어 분석 및 한국의 선택
TRUMAN’S DECISION: TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN
