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[영문] 미국 직장에서의 문화/언어 갈등의 문제

Prof. ThompsonNews Article # 2April 22, 2008[NYT] When English Is the Rule at Work by Kelly Holland, January 27, 2008Last year, The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission sued the Salvation Army in Framingham, Massachusetts over its requirement that employees speak only English in their workplace. Two Spanish speaking clothing sorters in its office were required to speak only English on their jobs. The English-only rule was decided to use in 2004 when the sorters had been working in the store for several years.The Commission thought there was no reason for the limitation of language in the store since the workers had been working there for several years, and according to the Civil Rights Act. According to the article, under the Civil Rights Act, rules limiting which languages can be spoken in a workplace are allowed only if they are nondiscriminatory and if they serve a clear business or safety purpose.One of politicians, Lamar Alexander, Republican of Tennessee, concerned the issue and introduced legislation to prevent the commission from suing over English-only rule. He said in a statement that the bill is not to affect people’s break, and it is to protect the rights of employer to make sure their employees can communicate with each other and their customers during working hours. He also added that “In America, requiring English in the workplace is not discrimination: it is common sense.” However, Wendy Krincek, a lawyer at Littler Mendelson, and employment law firm said that English-only rules are only required when a company has safety concern, or there is clear business necessities.The article insists that a good management needs be tolerant to the communication direction of their employees if it does not effect on customers, safety or function of the job. In addition, article talks about people in real workplaces. For example, Spanish speakers who think speaking Spanish would hurt them professionally and try not to speak Spanish at work, and the company which does not want their workers to speak Spanish to Latin American customers even though speaking Spanish helps to build relationship with their customers. The article also tells us about a bank hires person who have bilingual or multilingual skills, but expect their employees to speak with coworkers in English.It looks like the article talks about both sides of The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Employees) and The Salvation Army (Employers). As both of them have their own viewpoint, it might be hard to find the clear solutions for this problem. However, there were several ways to prevent the problem. (Chapter 3) The employer should have been well aware of External Environment, which refers many factors and forces outside of organization that affect the performance of organization, including the U.S legislation. The English-only rule could be discrimination under the Civil Rights Act, which permits employees to sue for punitive damages in cases of intentional discrimination. If the employer seriously consider and understand about the external environment of the business, they would not make it as a rule.The company should have suggested their employee a different way of limiting language instead of giving the direct rule. (Chapter12) Orientation and training would be one way to inform new employees the company’s objects, goals and how to converse with their customers and coworkers. The company also can tell their employees that “communication is one of critical components to the success of any organization” (Chapter 11). This will give the new employees a concept of what they need to do and what they do not.Company is not only one can solve the problem, but also employees need to make efforts to understand the company’s objects. Employees who speak different language other than English have to consider who their colleagues, managers and customers are and where they work for.This doesn’t mean that employees must speak English only. Because of many different ethnic groups in America, both employees and employer need to act correctly and flexibly in different situation

인문/어학| 2010.01.29| 4페이지| 2,000원| 조회(229)

미국, 언어 갈등, When English Is the

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[영문] Complaint Letter [Business English]

Yahoo Customer Support 721 First Avenue, SunnyvaleCA 94089 Dear Yahoo Customer Support,I have been using the Yahoo Email service and email address jieun-kim541@yahoo.com since 1997. In the last two months, from August 29th 2008 till today October 18th 2008, I have gotten at least 150 of spam in my non-spam mailbox. I believe all the spam should be received in spam mailbox, or the spam senders should be protected by the company.I reported the problem by emailing to the Yahoo Help Service Center on September 18 2008, and received an email from the center and gave me the way how to block spam. I changed and saved several things in the Mail Options as they informed me,

인문/어학| 2010.01.29| 1페이지| 2,000원| 조회(524)

complaint letter, Business English, 비지니스 영..

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[영문] 미국 디자이너 Perry Ellis

Prof. Mark HigdenFM 114March 29, 2007Perry EllisPerry Ellis, who was one of the popular designers in the 1980s, influenced American sportswear. He is originally from Virginia, and was born in 1940. He graduated with a degree in Business administration at the College of William and Mary, in Virginia and received a master’s degree in retailing from New York University in 1963. He then began his career as a buyer at the department store Miller & Rhoads. He later worked at the sportswear company John Meyer of Norwich. Then he move to New York to work at the Vera Companies. Soon after that, in 1976, he presented his first collection under the Portfolio label. Female consumers loved his designs. After that, he founded his own company, Perry Ellis Sportswear Inc. in 1978. He had his showroom in Seventh Avenue in New York Seventh Avenue. He later launched Perry Ellis International Menswear Collection. It revolutionized men’s casual clothing in America. In 1984, his fragrance collection was lauuce fragrances each year under his name.The Perry Ellis look began as a casual, relaxed, nontraditional, and modern classic style. One more thing that he presented was practicality and quality. He once said, “Always provide the clothes needed for daily life. Never be afraid to take risks and, most importantly, never take the clothes you wear too seriously.” His contemporary, classic menswear designs were widely acclaimed in the USA, and he gained a reputation for crisply stylish women's coats, trouser and knitwear. This is because the lifestyle in the 80s reflected the economic boom, and Perry Ellis’ innovative design could be easily adopted by people. He made clothes with natural fibers such as tweedy wools, wide-waled corduroy, silk and linen. His color ranged from khaki and sand neutral through heathery knits to deep port wind and marine blue. He showed sweaters for women such as cable-knit sweaters with dimpled sleeves, bulky, textured sweaters, sexy cropped sweaters, and patchworkweater cult, which not only made hand knit sweaters central to his work, but it helped the entire knitwear industry to revive. He also showed the oversized look, and was one of the first designers to introduce cropped trousers and cropped sweaters. His design tended to be oversized or shrunken. Indeed, he liked short jackets with long skirts. He showed the oversized, unobstructed look for his menswear as well.Perry Ellis was a president of the Council of Fashion Designer of America, and won many awards including Coty American Fashion Critics award, Neiman Marcus award, and Council of Fashion designers of America award. In Middle of 1980, he fell ill, but nobody said what he was suffering from. When he had a successful fashion show on May1986, he was not able to walk by himself, and was so gaunt. After that, he fell into a coma and died two weeks later. Although no one would confirm that he died from complications caused by AIDS, some newspaper accounts reported rumors that Ellis had co Perry Ellis International to his daughter and her mother Barbara Gallagher.I actually did not know much about Designer Perry Ellis and Perry Ellis International. However, I have liked him since I started to read and to so research about him. When I read an article about his death, I was frustrated. He was just 46 when he died. He had so much passion in Fashion, and had a great sense of humor. He was at the peak of his career when AIDS had a tragic effect on Perry Ellis International and the fashion industry. And then I thought if he lived longer than 46 years and kept his position in Perry Ellis, his company would be better than nowadays. Even though he influenced many things in American fashion in the1980s, only some people remember him and buy clothing from Perry Ellis International now. That is one of the bad things about his death. However, people still remember and miss designer Perry Ellis. In 2002, he was honored into the Fashion Walk of Fame with a commemorative white bronze pe sidewalk on New York’s Seventh Avenue. He was a great fashion designer, and made a contribution to America style.ReferencesPerry Ellis / essay by Valerie Steele ; clothing photography by Peter Murdock. New York : Perry Ellis International, c2000.Designer briefs : Ellis, Perry.Moor, Jonathan. Perry Ellis / Jonathan Moor. New York : St. Martin's Press, c1988. Hyperlink "http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.perryellis.com/ped/service/our_brand.jsp&sa=X&oi=smap&resnum=1&ct=result&cd=2&usg=__NcO6ypb1BTOgK9Z_nVQC39XebhM=" Our Brand - Hyperlink "http://www.perryellis.com/ped/service/our_brand.jsp" www.perryellis.com/ped/service/our_brand.jspPerry Ellis international http://www.pery.com/Perry Ellis. (2007, March 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:44, March 29, 2007, from Hyperlink "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perry_Ellis&oldid=117191031" o "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perry_Ellis&oldid=117191031" http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Per31

인문/어학| 2010.01.29| 4페이지| 2,000원| 조회(229)

미국 디자이너, 디자이너 분석, perry ellis, designers

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[영문]Marc by Marc Jacobs 브랜드 분석

Ji-Eun Kim (@01099344)Pro. Gary WolfFM122February 14, 2007‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ is the younger line of Marc Jacobs. It is also a collection of comparatively affordable edgy and retro mass-market pieces. ‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ is perfect for young women who love to play dress up. They divided the market on the basis of demographic variables such as age, income, and social class. This brand is different from the original line ‘Marc Jacobs’. If we compare ‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ with ‘Marc Jacobs’, we will find many differences between the prices, styles, and their customers. ‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ tries to appeal to younger customer base with affordable prices and trendy styles. Their target customers are wealth, sophisticated, and urban young people.‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ is doing the differentiated marketing. People can probably see that it is the younger line by Marc Jacobs with their products such as vintage lines, girly details like puff sleeves, oversized button, and a-line Jacket. It is quite different from ‘Marc Jacobs’. It is one of Marc Jacobs's separate marketing strategies.‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ gives the consumers the opportunities to wear clothes designed by a famous designer at an affordable price that are excellent quality product. Customers enjoy the quality, and reputation of their product. In addition, the company can promote their brand to advertise customer base. It is such a star, and has excellent prospect. However, ‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’ could also damage the original ‘Marc Jacobs’s reputation. Although they provide and sell their products as brand ‘Marc byMarc Jacobs’ it might tarnish the original brand’s unique styles and reputation. To protect it, company needs to keep offering the distinctions with advertising, or style of each brand. They should not be like Issac Mizrahi’s products in Target store. In my opinion, it’s really important to maintain the fashionable image and reputation of the original brand with ‘Marc by Marc Jacobs’.

예체능| 2007.02.15| 2페이지| 1,500원| 조회(1,580)

마크 제이콥스, Marc Jacobs, 마크바이마크제이콥스, 명품 브랜드, 브랜..

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[영문학]영어작문 AIDS 비교/대조문

English111-91M.SteevesJune 1, 2006Ji-Eun KimCompare & Contrast Essay (#2)Have you ever seen the statistic of death rate from AIDS? “At the end of 2005, an estimated 190,000people were living with HIV and AIDS in Haiti. AIDS is now one of the leading causes of death in Haiti, which is being the worst affected. An estimated 16,000 lives are lost each year to AIDS in Haiti, and tens of thousands of children have been orphaned by the epidemic. Also, more than 2% of the adult population is living with HIV. In United States, an estimated 415,193 were living with AIDS at the end of 2004, and an estimated 15,798 have died with AIDS in 2004.” “HIV&AIDS Statistics” AVERT. 2006. May31, 2006 According to this research, both countries have lost many lives from AIDS. However, when we check the percentage of the death rate, it seems that Haiti has higher death rate than United States. Now we need to think why those countries has different death rate.There are different rate and time of providing medication in United States and Haiti. Haiti had the late reaction to people who infected AIDS and fewer healthcares. “At the end of 2005, an estimated 6,500-7,000 people were receiving ARVs (antiretroviral (ARV) medication their life can be prolonged, often for many years), out of 34,000 in need. This gives a coverage rate of around 20%, which is double what it was at the end of 2004.” “AIDS treatment Targets & Result” AVERT. 2006. May31, 2006 In contrast to the late reaction in Haiti, United States have established medical and care facilities since the 1980s. Also United States had the high rate of medication providing. “The epidemic has been established in many high-income countries since the 1980s, including the USA and Western Europe. These countries had already established medical and care facilities so that people living with HIV could immediately access care and treatment. Providing ARVs has not been without its problems, though. In particular the drugs can be expensive; at US$20,000 per person per year, the cost of the new fusion inhibitor T20 is by far the highest for any ARV ever produced.” “AIDS treatment Targets & Result” AVERT. 2006. May31, 2006 One more reason that higher death rate in Haiti is the shortage of health workers.Actually Haiti people recently have started to become aware of the fact that HIV/AIDS. So they focused on the provision of food and water supplies, while United States provides better conditions to professionals who can help to treat AIDS. “The parts of the world worst affected by AIDS have a dire shortage of health workers. One reason for the paucity of health workers in poor countries is the international poaching of doctors and nurses by Europe and North America. Skilled professionals are lured abroad by better working conditions and much better pay.” “WHO/AFRO press release”, HYPERLINK "http://www.afro.who.int/press/2006/pr20060407.html" t "_blank" WHO Calls for Better Deal for African Health Workers. 2006. May31, 2006 Fortunately, there are much more international budgets for supporting treatment recently. “The United States will devote $3.2 billion to international HIV/AIDS relief in 2006, in the third year of funding for the five-year, $15 billion program first outlined by President Bush in 2003.” Porter, Charlene. “United States Will Spend $3.2 Billion on AIDS Relief in 2006” International Information Programs. 2005. May31, 2006 Consequently, both Haiti and United States can provide more treatments to people who infected AIDS.AIDS killed an estimated 3.1 million people in 2005. If everyone had access to ARV therapy then the death toll would be much lower. Treatment for HIV/AIDS has been shown to be effective and feasible in even the poorest parts of the world. Also there are many challenges to be overcome on the road towards universal access, including a shortage of skilled staff, treatment supply and a late reaction. Also we need to change our mindset to let people know that, with sufficient effort, treatment can be provided to save lives even in the least developed places on earth.

인문/어학| 2006.07.28| 3페이지| 2,000원| 조회(551)

AIDS, 에이즈, 영어작문, 영어비교문, compare contrast

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