zener diode④ Example electrical devices that zener doide can be used. A Zener diode used in this way is known as a shunt voltage regulator. In a sense, a portion of the current through the resistor is shunted through the Zener diode, and the rest is through the load. Thus the voltage that the load sees is controlled by causing some fraction of the current from the power source to bypass it—hence the name, by analogy with locomotive switching points.Zener diodes in this configuration are often used as stable references for more advanced voltage regulator circuits. These devices are also encountered, typically in series with a base-emitter junction, in transistor stages where selective choice of a device centered around the avalanche/Zener point can be used to introduce compensating temperature co-efficient balancing of the transistor PN junction. An example of this kind of use would be a DC error amplifier used in a stabilized power supply circuit feedback loop system.
⑧ Compare theoretical result and experimental result, and explain the reason. If we make circuit rightly, LED1 is brighten no matter what battery is charging or not. We use like text book, instead of variable resistance. Only is used variable resistance. And then measure total resistance, total resistance is about . So, it has a little difference comparing to PSPICE simulation because of difference of current flowing circuit. But after charging, fact that LED1 is darker and LED2 is brighter means it has similar result in theoretical result.
∙Auto battery charging circuit③ Explain the mechanism of Auto battery charging circuit. Auto battery charging circuit let us know the progress of charging by using LED. LED1 is turn on if circuit is charging. LED1 is turn off and LED2 is turn on when it is over charge. In auto battery charging circuit, the current from (+) anode of bridge circuit flows into battery through via and for discharged battery. Once charging is completed, due to zener diode`s characteristics, the current goes to ground in direction.
Pre-reportBasic Logic Circuit Design① Explain how to design logic gates with transistors.-> NOT gate-> NAND gate-> NOR gate-> AND gate , OR gate② Design XOR gate with 2 input AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT gates.③ Describe the followings : TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic), ECL(Emitter Coupled Logic), MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor), CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)TTL : A digital circuit composed of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Widely used in all variety of electronic applications, especially prior to CMOS circuits becoming popular, TTL superseded the earlier RTL (resistor-transistor) and DTL (diode-transistor) logic designs, which used more power. In TTL, transistors are used to both isolate inputs and perform the logic switching. A "TTL" designation on a circuit input or output indicates a digital circuit rather than analog.ECL : In electronics, emitter-coupled logic, or ECL, is a logic family in which current is steered through bipolar transistors to prevent saturation. ECL is sometimes called current mode logic or current-switch emitter-follower (CSEF) logic. The chief characteristics of ECL is that the transistors are never in the saturation region, the input/output voltages have a small swing (0.8 V); some families have low resistance outputs (50 Ω); as a result, the transistors can change states at very high speed. Its major disadvantage is that the circuit continuously draws current, which means it requires a lot of power. The equivalent of emitter-coupled logic made out of FETs is called source-coupled FET logic (SCFL).MOS : The metal?oxide?semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. The basic principle of the device was first proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. The MOSFET includes a channel of n-type or p-type semiconductor material (see article on semiconductor devices), and is accordingly called an NMOSFET or a PMOSFET (also commonly nMOS, pMOS). It is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more common.CMOS : Complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor (CMOS) (pronounced /?siːm?s/) is a technology for making integrated circuits. CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used for a wide variety of analog circuits such as image sensors, data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication. Frank Wanlass successfully patented CMOS in 1967 (US Patent 3,356,858). CMOS is also sometimes referred to as complementary-symmetry metal?oxide?semiconductor (or COS-MOS). The words "complementary-symmetry" refer to the fact that the typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for logic functions. Two important characteristics of CMOS devices are high noise immunity and low static power consumption. Significant power is only drawn when the transistors in the CMOS device are switching between on and off states. Consequently, CMOS devices do not produce as much waste heat as other forms of logic, for example transistor-transistor logic (TTL) or NMOS logic, which uses all n-channel devices without p-channel devices. CMOS also allows a high density of logic functions on a chip. It was primarily this reason why CMOS won the race in the eighties and became the most used technology to be implemented in VLSI chips. The phrase "metal?oxide?semiconductor" is a reference to the physical structure of certain field-effect transistors, having a metal gate electrode placed on top of an oxide insulator, which in turn is on top of a semiconductor material. Aluminum was once used but now the material is polysilicon. Other metal gates have made a comeback with the advent of high-k dielectric materials in the CMOS process, as announced by IBM and Intel for the 45 nanometer node and beyond.④ Using Karnaugh map, express boolean algebra equation from T/F table.-> Half adderA = XYB = X xor Y = X'Y + XY'Full adderA = XY + YC + XCB = X'YC' + XY'C' + X'Y'C + XYC⑤ Build boolean algebra equation of full/half adder.4번AY X01001110BY X01001110하프풀AXYCin*************10111BXYCin*************110105번이거하프2번결과 오디오앰프젤첫문제 중간
∙Equilibrium bridge circuit⑦ Describe the principle of equilibrium bridge circuit.Through equilibrium bridge circuit, we can measure unknown resistor. If there’s no current through a tester in the center, that means, R1*Rx = R2*R3 Here we have one concerning point, that testers are very sensitive. Once that equilibrium broke, there will be current through the center of the circuit, and the tester can be over flowed by unexpected current. That’s why we connect a big series resister to tester.