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공기업의 비효율적인 경영의 원인과 해결책에 대한 영문번역 자료입니다.

Title :What the reasons causing managerial inefficiency of public enterprises are?CONTENTSグ. INTRODUCTION・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・2ケ. The considerations on public enterprises' inefficiencies・・・・・，2ゲ. An analysis on circumstances of public enterprises' inefficiency・・・・31. Inefficiencies in terms of business administration1) Nonsenses in administration・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・32) Irresponsibility in administration・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・33) An unprofessional manager・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・44) Indiscretions in establishing subsidiaries and secondaries・・・・・・45) Poor management・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・42. Inefficiency in wage system・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・5コ The solutions on public enterprises' inefficiencies・・・・・・・・・・・5ゴ. Conclusion・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・6グ IntroductionRecently, there are many concerns in rising debts of public enterprises. So, government has high emphasis on reform of public enterprises. However, it¨s hard to believe their intention because we have heard same things over andmful effects from the environment. The Administrator of public enterprise shall listen to the voices and purposes of the politician. Therefore even a bright businessman, might be obstructed to use its business efficiency or by a peace-at-any-price principle. Therefore, from the business administration perspective view, in terms of production efficiency, it might decrease frequently than private enterprises.Also, there are many other restrictions on administrative agency's account examinations and quality audits that can be on private enterprises, there are decreasing administration efficiency than the privates. That is , in one word, inharmonic of public enterprises' role of public affairs and private enterprises' ownership in the characteristics of private business.Like this, because of this public affairs ownership principles' major character, ownership, supervision and business administration, are branched separately to each other, there are disharmony from private and public enterpuities in public enterprises' efficiency or payabilities' responsibility. In other words, for public enterprises, there shall be responsibilities for the characters of business to have a purpose of public character. Ambiguities in ownerships and its inefficient business administration and the behaviors of peace-at-any-price principle are resulting the inadaptability. therefore there are tremendous amount of financial deficit.3) An unprofessional managerIn spite of the needs to have a enough knowledge and know-how on the public services as a high-ranking officials, there are unprofessional ones that are being called on as political legacy in terms of "parachutes". these "parachute figures" are bringing the chilling effects and inner conflicts and restricting inner promotions that are resulting in inefficiency and these unprofessional managers are managing by pushing ahead to failures of administrative strategies.4) Indiscretions in establishing subsidiaries and secondaries.Public enterpwage'. The such 'fair wage' has problem in terms of efficiency.First, it's not checking on its production price's inevitability. Which means, even if it's a production price, it shall be checked on the cause and effect relationship of public service and indemnifications of 'occurrence of production prices', however, indemnifying the whole production prices is losing motive of cost reduction.Second, the inefficient use of usage and production factors in investment. in public services, there shall be predictions of the future demand and sufficient amount of facilities to compute the scale, however there are over investments in the optimism in the future demand. Like the following, inefficient production price and the budget of consulting projects that are related to investment bases are indemnified as public service prices, there are consulting projects formed indirectly without the examination of order of priority.コ The solutions on public enterprises' inefficienciesAs a way out for theeck on the realities of public organizations and its structures by consultant agencies and merge in between the similar departments. Also, there should be a reasonable reward for the layoffs if needed.Second, in terms of irresponsible administrations, they are needed to take a bigger role of ownership by inciting privatization to let the efficient administration to be working out and by opening it on the public as a contention-free market to have a competition system.Third, as a solution of unprofessional manager, there shall be a different personnel management system coming with inner promotions and consecutive terms and opening a open-employment system of CEO by professionality. Also, execution of responsibility principles like the other private enterprises and hiring a professional managers who are to be put in such department.Fourth, there can be private trusts to prevent losses of finances by unfairness in inner negotiations from indiscretions in parent and secondaries establishmeces.

사회과학| 2013.12.31| 6페이지| 2,000원| 조회(144)

공기업, 비효율, Public Enterprise, 방만경영

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민영화의 등장배경 이론 등을 영문 번역한 자료입니다

Title :How can we explain the change processes from government-owned enterprise to privatization?CONTENTSグ. INTRODUCTION・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・2ケ. Definition and theories regarding privatization・・・・・・・・・・，21. What is privatization?・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・22. Theories of privatization・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・22.1 Principal-Agent Theory ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・32.2 Property Rights theory・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 32.3 Public Choice theory・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 4ゲ. Why does demands of privatization increase?・・・・・・・・・・41. Change of private sector¨s role・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 42. Poor management of public enterprise・・・・・・・・・・・・，，，，， 43. Increasing revenue and solving the deficit finance・・・・・・，，，，5コ. Conclusion・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・6グ IntroductionThe process of privatization is closely related with diverse elements of the institutional history, political relations and international environments. In other words, Privatization should be understood as outcomes of the clashes and struggles of the multiple serprise or industry from the public sector to the private sector. The public sector is the part of the economic system that is run by government agencies. Privatization may involve either sale of government-held assets or removal of restrictions preventing private individuals and businesses from participating in a given industry.2. Theories of privatizationPrivatization has spread out over the world based on some theories such as Principal-Agent theory, Property Right theory and public chose theory.2-1 Principal-Agent TheoryAccording to Principal-Agent theory, practical control of public enterprise would be possible if public enterprises are privatized because they regard relationship between public and public as principal and agent. Although principal and agent problems occur in private sector, principal and agent problems occur more often and complicatedly which lead to inefficiency of public enterprise.It seems like public enterprises are owned by government. However, the real ownerding to Property Rights theory, those who have ownership of public enterprise are more likely to have more motivation because they would get more money if they make more profits. In case of public enterprises, ownership break up into governmen, manager and citizens which leads to inefficiency of public enterprise. Therefore, they believe efficiency of public enterprise could increase if ownership is centralized.2-3 Public Choice theoryPublic choice theory assume that politicians and bureaucrats not only have lack of motivation but also result in managerial inefficiency by maintaining useless manpower and maximizing budget.They believe that behavior of politicians and bureaucrats act for self-interest not for public interest which lead to a lot of problems such as rent seeking and free rider.Thus, government need to transfer ownership of public enterprise to private sector.ゲ Why does demands of privatization increase?1. Change of private sector¨s roleThe reasons of privatization have sor words, public enterprises are more likely to run the businesses with the reckless management such as procurement, human resources affairs and organization management. In addition, position of superior is getting hypertrophy and culture of public enterprise become bureaucratized and ossified. Aside from that, When public enterprise operates budget, there might be lack of rationality and responsibility. So, they tend to increase wage without any reasons and have a trouble with using incentive system. As I mentioned, since there is no reasons for manager to use resource efficiently according to property rights theory there is more chance to waste resource.When Korea government decide to privatize, increase of efficiency is the first priority.3. Increasing revenue and solving the deficit financeSupporters of privatization strongly believe that government can generate more revenue and reduce deficit finance if public enterprises are privatized. Transferring public enterprises which are inurn a deficit finance to surplus after privatization.On the other hand, The argentine railway industry was privatized in a way that facilities held by the government and operating rights held by private companies. In the initial period, privatization earn positive reviews due to improve labor productivity and railway service. But private operating companies were concerned about the budget deficit. They did not invest in the facilities and were beginning to request a raise of the charge and subsidy. Insufficient investment in facilities caused frequent rail accident. Eventually, in February 22, 2012, train off the track and hit the platform at Once station in buenos aires. Due of this large rail accident, there were killing 50 people and injuring more than 700 people.If SOC was initiated by the government, Argentina could have belonged to advanced countries.コ ConclusionAs I mentioned before, privatization is not always best answer to solve inefficiency of public enterprise and Privatiza

사회과학| 2013.12.31| 6페이지| 2,000원| 조회(144)

공기업, 민영화, privatization

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다문화 가정에 대한 현황과 문제점 해결방안 등을 영문번역한 자료 입니다...

1. The definition and reasons of Multi-Cultural Family and the reason of its increase, The present state and statistics. The term "Multi-Cultural Family" refers to any couple or the inclusion of any members who has different race, culture, background. In other words, he Multi-Cultural family with wide diversity of culture is now becoming a hot topic around our society nowadays for its. Especially, the conflict between increasing amount of the Multi-Cultural families' culture, dialogue, education, employment and cultures are becoming one of the social problem, and the Government is looking for an way to solve this problem. With an upcoming globalization, Korean Society is also becoming the one of the biggest Multi-Cultural society, as well. In the 1990's, once called the 'A single Farmer male- Yanbian Single Female Marriage Process' is increasing in fast increase nowadays. It has brought a fast movement in terms of social point of view and also the problems.

사회과학| 2013.12.31| 3페이지| 2,000원| 조회(88)

다문화, 다문화 가정, Multi cultural famil

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한식의세계화(영어)

Globalization of Korean foodGlobalization of Korean food is important tasks in order to improve its image and export agricultural and marine productsRecently, government made korea-brand committee and propeled comprehensive plans(han-style strategy). Globalization of Korean food is leaded by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry to promote food industry.Although Recently korea culture have spreaded abroad not only to japan and europe, globalization of Korean food is still sketchy. korea restaurants is going into the world.

인문/어학| 2011.12.09| 3페이지| 2,000원| 조회(266)

세계화, 한식, globalization, korean food, Globali..

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북핵_대응_발표

국 가 안 보 론 -한국 북핵 정책 평가-한국의 북핵 정책 평가북핵 개발 과정과 우리의 대응정책 평가 및 대책질의응답 및 토론북한의 핵개발의 의미북한 핵개발의 영향북한 핵개발의 영향 : 동북 아시아북한 핵개발의 영향 : 중 동북한 핵개발의 영향북한 핵개발에 대한 대응강 경 파 북의 핵개발 의지와 능력을 인정하지만 북의 일방적인 先 핵 폐기를 주장하는 견해온 건 파 나쁜 행위가 일시적 불만에서 유래하고 있기 때문에 이 불만을 해소시켜 주면 `교화`될 수 있다퍼주기 때문이야!니가 날뛰니 저러지!!!북한의 핵개발 목표1중국 미국 등의 외부위험으로부터 체재의 안전을 도모하며 간섭에서 벗어난다.2핵개발을 통해서 내부세력을 결집시키며 당면한 문제를 돌릴 수 있다.3핵개발로 인한 경제재제는 인도 파키스탄과 같이 핵개발 완료로 극복해 낼 수 있다. 실패해도 경제적 지원을 약속 받을 수 있다.못 먹어도 고!!남한은 빠져있어!역대 6자회담의 결과2차 비핵화 평화해결 재확인 (2004)1차 비핵화 평화해결 (2003)4차 9.19 공동성명 (2005)6차 10.3 합의 도출 (2007)3차 단계적 접근 확인 (2004)5차 2.13합의 도출 (2005)북한 핵개발에 대한 대응경수로지원1차 북핵위기햇볕정책2차 북핵위기PSI실시 불참1차 북핵실험비핵개방30002차 북핵실험1993199920062009비핵개방 3000 실효성1990 81만원1995 80만원2000 86만원2010 124만원북한의 1인당 국민소득 변화 10년간 600$에서 900$로 50%성장이 성장세가 둔화되거나 혹은 멈춘다고 하여도 북한의 지도층이 과연 국민의 생활수준 향상과 독점적 지위유지 중 무엇을 선택할 것인가?북한의 변심2012 남한의 대통령 선거2012 미국의 대통령 선거3대 세습 안정을 위하여더 이상의 도발은 전면전민심이반 쟈스민 혁명왜??? 그랜드바겐에 긍정적일까?앞으로의 대응일관성 유지한미 공조북 핵 실전배치 염두이성적인 접근질의응답 및 토의어떻게 하면 북한과 미국 중심의 대화에서 북한과 남한의 중심으로 이동시킬 것인가? 2.지금의 방법을 통해서 북의 핵개발을 영구 적으로 막아낼 방법이 있겠는가? 3.북의 경제발전과 도발 수위의 관계가 정비례로 보이는데 북에 대한 경협의 부메랑 효과는?{nameOfApplication=Show}

인문/어학| 2011.12.09| 14페이지| 1,500원| 조회(125)

북핵, 비핵개방, 북한의 핵개발의 의미, 북핵 개발 과정과 우리의 대응, 정책 ..

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