July 13, 2023To Whom It May Concern,I am very pleased to write this letter for recommendation on behalf of (학생 이름). My name is (교수님 이름), and I am a professor working at (교수님 소속). I recruited new researchers for a bipolar disorder research project in the winter of 2014, and (학생 이름) was at that time one of the applicants. (교수님과 학생이 만나게 된 계기)Because she graduated with honors from Korea’s most prestigious school, Seoul National University, her application definitely stood out among all the candidates. She was a student who not only had been steadily doing well in her academic coursework since her high school years, but who had actively involved herself in various extracurricular activities, including writing for a biology textbook. During the interview, I asked, “Are you, by any chance, trying to build a research career with the aim of entering a medical school?” She made a deep impression on me with her confident response: “I don’t feel the need to go to medical school, because I already know for sure that experiment and research are what I’d like to do most and what I am best at.”Having noticed that she was more interested in stem cell biology than clinical study, the team of Dr. (공동 연구 교수 이름), a stem cell expert who was one of the interviewers, decided to recruit her, and I became her co-advisor. For about one year thereafter, she fully displayed her skills and abilities while actively participating in the projects of both research team.Among them, what I still remember the most is the project she took charge of (주요 연구 성과), which was the bipolar disorder-related gene. She skillfully handled the experiments that she performed for the first time, and expertly dealt with analysis software as well. From data collection to thesis writing, her quick and accurate job performance surprised every team member. It was (학생 이름) who always showed up first in the lab and locked the door to leave as the last person. Considering such characteristics, it was perhaps natural that she ended up producing remarkable results throughout the year. I anticipate that her talent and sincerity will be noticeable even at your school where numerous competent students are gathered from all around the world.I hereby recommend (학생 이름) to your school with a firm belief that your eminent faculty members and excellent education system will train her to be a distinguished scholar. As of now, she and I have a researcher-advisor relationship, but I expect her to grow as a future collaborator when she completes her studies in America. I strongly encourage you to personally get to know about her potential and academic capabilities. Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely,
Dear Dr. ( )I am a 5소-year graduate student finishing my Ph.D. in (전공분야) (학교 이름). During my PhD, I worked on (연구 분야) with my PhD thesis advisor Dr.(지도 교수 이름), which was recently published in (주요 논문). I hope to continue conducting research in the fields of (Postdoc 동안 하고 싶은 연구). As such, I am very interested in your lab's innovative research on _______, and am writing to apply for a postdoctoral position in your lab.During my PhD, I identified (주요 연구1 요약). Furthermore, (주요 연구2 요약). Moreover, these studies provided me with important research expertise in (주요 연구 스킬 요약 예: long-term iPSC-derived human neuronal culture, methods for fundamental molecular biology, and advanced live-cell imaging techniques.)A postdoctoral position in your lab would be an excellent opportunity for me to contribute to the fields of ( ___), and _____. In addition, I would love to deepen my knowledge and develop further research skills in your lab. I plan to graduate in (예상 졸업 일자) and will be available to start my postdoc in (Postdoc 시작 가능 날짜)I have attached my recent publication and my CV which includes my list of references.Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing back from you at your convenience.
SUBLEASE AGREEMENTThis is an agreement to sublet real property according to the terms specified below.The sublessor agrees to sublet and the subtenant agrees to take the premises described below. Both parties agree to keep, perform and fulfill the promises, conditions and agreements below:The sublessor is: 000The subtenant is:The location of the premises is: .4. The term of this sublease is from August, 8th to August 11th , 2023.The rent is $ 1500.The sublease agreement will terminate on August 11th, 2023. There shall be no holding over under the terms of this sublease agreement under any circumstances.All charges for utilities connected with premises which are to be paid by the sublessor.Subtenant agrees to surrender and deliver to the sublessor the premises and all furniture and decorations within the premises in as good a condition as they were at the beginning of the term, reasonable wear and tear excepted. The subtenant will be liable to the sublessor for any damages occurring to the premises or the contents thereof or to the building which are done by the subtenant.Subtenant agrees to pay to sublessor a deposit of $1500 to cover damages. Sublessor agrees that if the premises and contents thereof are returned to her in the same condition as when received by the subtenant, reasonable wear and tear thereof excepted, she will refund to the subtenant $1500 at the end of the term. Any reason for retaining a portion of the deposit shall be explained in writing within 30 days to the subtenant.At the time of taking possession of the premises by the subtenant, the sublessor will provide the subtenant with an inventory form within three days of taking possession.In the event of any legal action concerning this sublease, the losing party shall pay to the prevailing party reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs to be fixed by the court wherein such judgment shall be entered.This lease constitutes the sole agreement between the parties, and no additions, deletions or modifications may be accomplished without the written consent of both parties (ANY ORAL REPRESENTATIONS MADE AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THIS LEASE ARE NOT LEGALLY VALID AND, THEREFORE, ARE NOT BINDING UPON EITHER PARTY).The words “sublessor” and “subtenant” as used herein include the plural as well as the singular; no regard for gender is intended by the language in this sublease.If the subtenant is under 18 years of age, then his/her legal guardian or parent guarantees and agrees to perform all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this sublease by affixing his signature below.Each signatory to this sublease acknowledges receipt of an executed copy thereof.The parties hereby bind themselves to this agreement by their signatures affixed below on this18th day of July, 2023.SUBLESSORSUBTENANTI hereby give my consent to subletting of the above-described premises as set out in this sublease agreement.Date:
- digestive tract external environment와 직접 연결 -> inside 아님! mouse - pharynx - foregut( crop) - midgut ( 주로 stomach) - hindgut acidic, basic digestion 공간의 분리, hind gut에서 absorption↑ -classification - fedding method carnivore : 근육에는 단백질이 풍부하므로 high quality의 먹이 섭취 herbivore : 음식물의 질이 낮아 rumen에서 pregastric fermentation 하거나, 후장에서 미 생물에 의한 소화 필요 omnivore: 주로 육식성 소화계와 유사 여과섭식자, 퇴적물섭식자. 액체섭식자, 기생생물 등이 있음 -4 basic digestive process motility propresive movement (추진 운동) : 내용물을 밀어주는 역할 , 각 구역에 따라 다 른 속도 mixing monement (혼합 운동) : 내용물과 소화효소를 섞을 뿐 아니라 내용물의 모든 부분을 흡수 표면에 노출 secreation : 신경, 호르몬의 조절로 에너지 사용해 소화효소, 물, 점액 등을 분비 -> 재흡 수 digestion : 고분자 --- 가수분해 ----> 저분자, 모든 소화효소는 가수분해 효소 carbohydrate : 녹말, 셀룰로오스(by microorganism), 키틴 등의 다당류와 엿당, 설탕, 젖당, 트레할로스 등의 이당류를 단당류로 분해
opic osmotic balance : total concentration of major solute fluid volume : affect circulatory pressure acid-base blance : concemtration of H+ -maintain : input = output balance concept : 유입량과 유출량의 균형을 통한 항상성 유지 저장소는 필요에 따라 특정 물질을 저장, 또는 ECF 로 방출하는 역할 ex) 포도당-간 단순 저장기능을 넘어서 가역적으로 더 복잡한 분자로 전환 (macromolecule) ex) 칼슘과 뼈 - 저장소에서 나와서도 생리적 기능, 저장소에서도 나름의 기능을 가짐 조절되지 않는 구성성분도 O ex) osmoconformer(삼투순응자)의 혈장 부피, 조성 -Body water 생물 종에 따라 수분이 몸무게의 대부분 or 거의 없는 경우도(anhydrobiotic animal -무 수동물) 사람의 경우 혈장의 수분 함량이 가장 높고 지방, 털 등은 수분 함량이 매우 낮음 (조직특 이적) major fluid compartment 사람은 ECF 혈관계로 transcellular fluid : 척수액, 유리체액, 복막, 흉막액등 세포에서 분비되어 특수한 기능을 수행하는 액체들 plasma와 inter- F는 혈장단백질 유무를 제외하고는 조성이 거의 유사 ICF, ECF는 조성에 큰 차이를 보임 (세포막의 선택적 투과성) 주로 ECF에 Na+. ICF에 K+ -> 이들 두 양이온이 음이온 분포에 영향 바깥쪽은 Cl-, 안쪽은 PO4^3세포 내의 각종 단백질, 유기 삼투물질 등 plasma가 interstitial fluid와 조성이 유사하고, 이 두 fluid가 ICF 조성과 매우 다르 지만 삼투 조절은 동시에 일어나야함 -Osmotic & volume Balance 수분은 스스로 이동하기보다는 용질의 이동에 의해 분포 (NaCl) Na+는 전기, 농도기울기 모두 세포 안쪽으로 작용 -> 세포 안으로의 유입을 막는 기작으 로 Na+/K+ pump사용