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국가 자본주의에 대한 에세이

BCUSP 134CTasha M ButtlerTae Jun Lee12 June 13# Final Expository Paper.State Capitalism Real ConditionOne of the reasons why America was able to become an economically the strongest country is because of democratic capitalism that in this article, “Democratic Capitalism”, it describes that, “an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and individuals are responsible for their own lives” (1). Democratic capitalism is that the individual is able to have means of production as personal and determination is by person. However, America, which is an economic power and leading the global economy, started to become unstable economic country and faced an economic crisis in 2008 because of government housing policy. America economic crisis shows economic recession is caused by noninterference of government in the free market. Thus, as the U.S economy became increasingly unstable, some people started to say that it was the end of the democratic capitalism era that the y. In other words, China got to know if decision is fallen into the hands of market about the winner and the loser of economic growth, its own political authority can be threatened by creating wealth in market. Thus, Ian Bremmer explains the reason why state capitalism is appeared that is dictatorship devised new system by fear because if a true free market is permitted, dictatorship has no choice but to lose control (4). State capitalism’s countries are afraid of undergoing economic crisis if free market is deregulation. To avoid economic crisis, state capitalism’s countries determine that free market places under government supervision.State capitalism’s government control important resources and create jobs through various form. Bremmer indicates what the most important tools in state capitalism’s country is, “national oil corporations (NOCs), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and sovereign wealth funds (SWFs)” (54). Political leaders use these three methods in order to manage for stas use national oil companies for own country benefit. He writes that “many national oil companies’ personnel expenses are lower than western multinational corporations because national oil companies are able to hire nonunion workers easier than multinational companies” (62). Moreover, when state capitalism’s national oil corporations, they are able to pay energy source rather than original market energy price because they are supported a lot of money by government. This processing makes increase energy cost of world consumers. Ian Bremmer illustrates one example of story about Russia’s Gazprom National Oil Company in his book “End of the free market” that basically, “current Europe relies on a quarter of natural gas supply from Russia” (68). When Ukraine were against Russia’ requirement in term of liabilities interests on debt, Gazprom National Oil Company cut off the supply of gas to Ukraine. As Russia monopolizes natural gas, energy source can be intimidatory measure to other countrisurpluses, and receipts resulting from resource exports” (4). Thus, sovereign wealth funds are defined saving residual fund for strategic investment. There are two reasons why state capitalism governments use and utilize sovereign wealth funds. Ian Bremmer argues that first of all, exporting countries for raw materials, which are “oil, gas, metal, and mineral”, transfer non-renewable resource to financial assets by using sovereign wealth funds (70). State capitalism governments have national oil companies so when they export these non-renewable resources, these governments get a lot of money and save in sovereign wealth funds. Furthermore, if governments can control cleverly financial assets that are from exporting raw materials, wealth can be created perpetually. Secondly, he writes that because of sudden enormous influx of money that is from exporting or fiscal surplus, foreign currency supplies more than needs and the demand for foreign currency depreciates the real value of local c long time ago and in order to do strategy, government regulates about sovereign fund and state owned corporation. Plus, China government sends state owned companies out into the world to secure about oil and gas that is necessary for China’s future growth and this policy is seriously damaging to the global economy. He points out that “they are lavishly subsidized by their government, which allows them to outbid privately owned competitors and to pay above-market prices for long-term contracts” (136). In other words, compare to private enterprise, China state owned companies, which are supported with tremendous subsidies from government, outbid to acquire for long-term business contracts.Hence, if price is increased, resources and raw materials purchasing cost of all the worlds’ country are higher. He also asserts that, “they arrive in Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, and other parts of the world with the full political backing of the Chinese state” (136). When China state owned 13..

인문/어학| 2014.02.24| 9페이지| 3,000원| 조회(142)

영어 에세이 리서치 페이퍼, Final Expository Paper, St..

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