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Taylorism

Managers can create a more efficient workplace today by applying Taylor’s Scientific Management approach to operating their organization.IntroductionEarly 20th century, companies in United States have a growing interest in raising the productivity. As companies grow, capital was getting accumulated. But they were in trouble in a shortage of labor. Hence, the basic purpose of management was efficient using of existing manpower.Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) who is called “The father of Management” was absorbed to find the solution about these kinds of matters.His work “The Principle of Scientific Management” which is published in 1911 is a fine book worthy of the name of a classic.Its contents became widely accepted by managers around the world. The book described the theory of scientific management: the use of scientific methods to define the ‘one best way’ for a job to be done. ( Robbin, 2006, p45)In this essay, I will discuss who Taylor was, merits and demerits of scientific malor began to use a stopwatch to study jobs to see what motions the worker made and how long they took, and to determine if these movements were necessary or if they were they fatiguing and/or wasted.Taylor did not invent time study, nor was he the first to study workers’ motions, but he was the first man to try to discover whether a worker’s motions were necessary or not. Taylor tried to find how long a job should take when done with the proper methods, motions, and tools. Where others were content with the total time a job took, Taylor broke the job into its component parts, analyzed each part, and reconstructed the job as it should be done, more efficiently and with less fatigue.Taylor defined a fair day’s work by using time study and motion study.On the basis of the fair day’s work, he introduced unique wage system, Different Piece-Rate System, which is sort of piece rate but it has different feature from previous simple piece rate system. Pay for performance is an old idea, but Tayor retired from Midvale Steel Company, then worked Simonds Rolling Machine Company and Bethlehem Steel for a couple of years as a consultant. In Simonds, he suggested that taking a break during work time decreases fatigue and as the result not only quality and quantity of production was increased but also boosted the morale of workers.Afterwards, he worked Bethlehem Steel Company from 1898 to 1901. During that time, he went deep into the study of shipping on railcar.On the basis of these experiences, he was the author of “The Principles of Scientific Management” in 1911. The essence of scientific management can be summarized four stages as follows.Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could.Heartily cooperate with the men so as to insure all of the work being done in accordance with the pvelopment of more accurate controls, routing, and planning. For labor, it resulted in better placement, more opportunities for advancement, higher wages, better working conditions, proper work hours, and a broadening of the scope of individual initiative through increased job opportunities and incentive applications.For management, it has pointed the way to a more effective organization, a more reliable product, a better work force, a better understood customer, an improved corporate image, and a more effective profit position. (Claude, 1972, p96)These days a representative organization is McDonald’s which is one of the largest fast-food chain.You can get exactly the same taste of their burger wherever in the world. How is it possible?Because McDonald’s found out “one best way” of making burgers. For instance, the hamburger patty is machine cut, 1.6-ounce pure beef with no more than 10 per cent fat content. And the same goes for the fries as well. (Robbin, 2006, p47.)mcDonald’s has worlect employees to achieve consistent high services included communication skill, time management, relationship building and leadership skills.Many organizations, both large and small, are applying similar operation methods in their production process, which are based on Taylor’s scientific management principles. ( Robbin, 2006, p47)ConclusionAnd Taylorism made companies gigantic and accelerate industrialization, moreover highly established to improve labor’s income level. But on the other hand, Taylor’s doctrine is criticized by anthropocentrism as these reasons follows.too rigid and intolerance in the businesslike aspect.make people mechanized.workers’ desires, working conditions, job-satisfactions are not considered, just efficiency is emphasized.In spite of these criticisms, today, most managers accept and use scientific management.But many years have passed since then, current management practice is not restricted to the scientific management approach.Managers living today, need torg

경영/경제| 2007.04.11| 8페이지| 1,500원| 조회(366)

테일러, 테일러리즘, 과학적관리기법, taylorism

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Separation of powers

Separation of powers is the doctrine that government should be divided into three parts and that there should be a strict separation of these functions so that no one person or institution should have a role in more than one part. (Graw, 2005, p11)This theory is argued by English philosopher J. Locke and developed by the French political scientist Montesquieu in 18th century and affect United States Constitution and constitutions of states government of United States.Montesquieu claimed that to avoid abuse of power, the three powers of government should be kept separate. So members of one set of institutions should not be members of the other sets of institutions.

법학| 2007.04.11| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(332)

삼권분립, Separation of powers

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