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Laser Project

ContentsIntroductionWhat is Laser?Spontaneous EmissionStimulated EmissionThe Quantum TheoryHow a Laser worksTypes of LaserRuby (Crystal) LaserGas (He-Ne) LaserApplication of LasersBibliographyExternal LinksMore pictures of Laser in our livesIntroductionIn this project, I would like to define what the laser is and also how the laser, nowadays, is used in our lives, how it is useful, how it effects our lives, including extra information of the laser energy calculation.What is Laser ?The word “laser” stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, which will be limited to electromagnetic radiation emitting devices using light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation at wavelengths from 180 manometers to 1 millimetre. The electromagnetic spectrum includes energy ranging from gamma rays to electricity.A typical laser emits light in a narrow, low- HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_divergence" o "Beam divergence" divergence monochromatic (single-colourctron is called the ground state. Higher states can be obtained by heating electrons, placing them in an intense electric field or bombarding them with free electrons. Once electrons are excited, they become unstable and spontaneously drop back to any empty lower levels, emitting photons as they do this. This spontaneous emission of photons is random and there is no way of predicting when the photons will be emitted, in which direction they will be emitted, or how many will be emitted.Spontaneous emission by excited electrons produces the light we normally see. Because the photons are randomly emitted, normal light sources emit light in all directions. The photons are not in step with one another, so the light is incoherent.Stimulated EmissionIn HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics" o "Optics" optics, stimulated emission is the process by which, when perturbed by a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" o "Photon" photon, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matl photon will be amplified again and again by each stimulation of an excited electron. This is the process of stimulated emission which produces laser light.The Quantum TheoryThe Quantum Theory states that light streams out as a train of energy particles. A single frequency light (monochromatic light) will have particles all with the same energy (E=hf). It is as if we could visualize light as being a stream of quanta (discrete energy packets).Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. In 1900, physicist Max Planck presented his HYPERLINK "http://searchCIO-Midmarket.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci332247,00.html" quantum theory to the German Physical Society. Planck had sought to discover the reason that radiation from a glowing body changes in color from red, to orange, and, finally, to blue as its temperature rises. He found that by making the assumption that energy exirrors (one half-silvered). The ruby rod is the lasing medium and the flash tube pumps it.1. The laser in its non-lasing state4. Some of these photons run in a direction parallel to the ruby's axis, so they bounce back and forth off the mirrors. As they pass through the crystal, they stimulate emission in other atoms.5. Monochromatic, single-phase, columnated light leaves the ruby through the half-silvered mirror -- laser light!3. Some of these atoms emit photons.Gas LaserA gas laser is a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" o "Laser" laser in which an HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current" o "Electric current" electric current is discharged through a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" o "Gas" gas to produce light. HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laser" o "Gas laser" Gas lasers, using many HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" o "Gas" gases, have been built and used for many purposes. They are one of the oldest types of lasent" o "Entertainment" entertainment, and the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military" o "Military" military.The first application of lasers visible in the daily lives of the general population was the supermarket HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode" o "Barcode" barcode scanner, introduced in 1974. The HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laserdisc" o "Laserdisc" laserdisc player, introduced in 1978, was the first successful consumer product to include a laser, but the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc" o "Compact disc" compact disc player was the first laser-equipped device to become truly common in consumers' homes, beginning in 1982, followed shortly by HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printer" o "Laser printer" laser printers.Some of the other applications include: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" o "Medicine" Medicine: Bloodless surgery, laser healing, surgical treatment, kidney stone treatment, HYPERLIves

공학/기술| 2008.04.25| 12페이지| 2,500원| 조회(305)

레이저, laser, project

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`How green was my valley`? or The Miner`s Tale

“How green was my valley”?orThe Miners TaleIn the 1950s, there were many mining companies in England. All were trying to lead the coal mining industry. The working class labourers of the mining companies all faced the similar financial, as well as health problems associated with mining work, which led to striking and uprising.Like many others in their situation, two brothers and their families lived together in a very humble dwelling. These two brothers had very different personalities and characteristics.The older brother, John, had a wife and two children, was very quiet and reserved, where as, the younger brother, Jack, had a wife and three children, was much more outspoken and quick-tempered. He liked to drink, so every night, after work he always went to the miner’s pub with his mining buddies. Fighting was usual, and was his way of expressing his quick-tempered emotions while he was drunk. He usually grumbled and murmured about the wage they got paid and the environment around them. Also, he assumed himself airs, because he and his brother were the leaders of the miners in the company.John was highly respected by his colleagues. He never shouted at people, rather, he demonstrated how the work should be done. He knew every miner and spoke and complained to the company for the miners by proxy. He was consistent and consecutive in every way, even at home.This was the coldest, most pitiless and most ruthless winter to the miners. Perhaps, it was the last winter that these two brothers could show respect to each other, even though their lives couldn’t be separated. They had been living together for more than 30 years.One night, Jack discovered that his wife was pregnant. He was overjoyed, because he loved his wife so much, but John wasn’t happy about it. There were too many mouths to feed already, so that night, he drank with anguish. Jack had no idea why his brother was worried. John, after that, could no longer confront his brother about it. As a result, he kept away from his brother, with pain in his heart. But, Jack never understood him, and their hearts began to divide. As time went by, Jack found out why John had kept away from him and got angry. He couldn’t accept this, for he loved his wife and his children too much. As tensions grew, so too did their families divide.Finally, the brothers crashed against one another, like stormy ocean waves beating against jogged rocks.As strikes in the mine loomed, miners grouped into two and brought these two brothers forward. The brothers and several other leaders met at a certain place and unwillingly faced-off. Jack’s group wanted to increase wages, and the others didn’t want a strike at all. When Jack saw his brother, he couldn’t restrain himself. He swore and shouted at him and smacked his face. This escalated into a frenzy. Neither group could believe or accept what had just happened.That night!Each group stood against each other. Moreover, heavy rains started to pour.“ Thunder summons people to entangleunder plastic; all wrapped in rags.Clouds gather and breakinto a blitzkrieg of rainBolts of wind ricochet through trees,an eerie echowrenching our rootsbursting houses like balloons. ”What about their families?How would they feel?What about their hopes?Hopes of living happily and peacefully with husband and father, ever after……EnglishChan-Hong ParkFinal CopyGr 12 GF

인문/어학| 2008.04.25| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(187)

Essay, 영어에세이, Short story

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Matric`s final words to schoolmates(English Oral)

Dear teachers and learners!Here I stand in front of my school not only as one of its many graduated learners, but also as one of its respected seniors. I would like to take this opportunity to give you some advice for your school lives for now and for the future.Before I start, I would like to say thank you to Mr. Millar, Mrs. Otto and Mr. Holland, who, through their many years of teaching knowledge and experience, have led us successfully and diligently and have always shown us the right way.There was a boy who came to this school about 3 years ago.This boy didn’t want to apply for high school, because at the time of his application he could have gone to university instead. But, his parents wanted him to apply, because high school life is one of the biggest parts of our lives, and can have extreme effects on our future. Even though this boy didn’t like the school at first, soon he found something special about the school.This school is growing!All of you can see how the school has been growing up greatly. It’s not because of school fees and donations, etc. it’s because of the efforts the teachers have been putting into the school and also, because each one of you is a protagonist of these efforts.The boy is now standing here with delight. He doesn’t regret that he applied at this school, rather he is honoured at being at nomies.This could be the chance for a turning point in your lives.Whether you put your efforts with teachers towards school work, or leave everything down with one step backwards, just enjoying the school life. It is your choice to either, produce a good result in your future, and achieve what you expected, or just to be a person who failed to achieve what you expected to be.High school is a small world, and in this small world, you must be able to co-operate with your friends and teachers. This may seem like nothing to you presently, but at the end of this small world, you will see how you have improved your knowledge and experience. You will be able to control yourselves.Let me leave you with my last words: none will survive this world unless you know yourselves, think deep, think wisely and act accordingly…for now, and for your future.(405 words)

인문/어학| 2008.04.25| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(116)

speech, 졸업생, oral, matric

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Career Research Project Report

Research ReportChan-Hong Park 11CAn investigation into the career choices of my friends: job satisfaction; effect on their lives; stress levels; etc.Background and aim of my researchThe aim of my research is to find out from two males and two females why they chose their careers, how those jobs affect their lives, whether they earn enough money, whether they will continue those jobs or not, their job satisfaction levels and stress levels, etc.MethodologyThe questionnaire was used to find out the above issues. I gave the questionnaire to my family friends (Soyeon, Louis, Melissa and Wdungten), and they completed the questions at their work (Melissa and Wdungten) and in their house (Soyeon and Louis). Then I analyzed the answers. My findings are discussed below.FindingsThere are four different jobs (nurse, law reports editor, motor vehicle registrar and police officer).Soyeon is 37 years old and has been a nurse for 11 years and finds the job makes her tired and she wants a better life. She really likes helping people. When she was at school, she wanted to be a female soldier. She wants to be a kept woman, she thinks that her husband has to work instead of her. And she like to work by herself, because her co-worker’s stress her out. Her job satisfaction is 2 out of 5 and stress level is 5 out of 5.Louis is 37 years old and is Soyeon’s husband. He has been a law reports editor for 1 year. He worked in law before, a long time ago, and wanted to work with law again, so he became a law reports editor. But this wasn’t his dream job while he was at school: he thought of many jobs at school. Sometimes this job takes up his free time and it also gives him less money than he wants. He did many different jobs before, now he wants to settle down, so he will stay in this job. Also, he likes team-work because they can share their ideas and problems. His job satisfaction is 4 out of 5 (he likes this work a lot), his stress level is 3. He said that sometimes they get a lot of stress; sometimes it is okay and relaxed.Melissa is 19 years old and has been a motor vehicle registrar for 7 months. She says, “I never chose this job, I got it.” This was not her dream job: she wanted to be a doctor while she was at school. She is unhappy in this job, but she earns enough money to have with her all the time. Also, she will continue in this career, but she doesn’t like her colleagues. And she work better in a team because the work gets done faster. Her job satisfaction is 3 out of 5 and she has a stress level of 4.Wdungten is 41 years old and has been a police officer for more or less 16 years. This job was his dream job when he was at school. He wanted to serve and protect South African citizens, but people don’t like police officers. He wants more money: the wage is little for the job he’s doing. He will continue in this career, at the moment he can never get another job. He works better in a team. His job satisfaction is 3 out 5 and stress level is 2 out of 5.ConclusionIt is clear from the findings that career choice is very important. It affects your life whether in a good way or bad. Only one out of the four friends followed his dream job from school, so it seems that following your dream job is not easy. Three out of the four friends prefer to work in a team—we can guess that a team-work type job would be better for most people. There does not seem to be a strong connection between job satisfaction and stress levels, but I think that if your job satisfaction is very low, then your stress level might be high. I don’t think I will choose any of these careers because I would like to be a cardiologist one day and it will only happen if I study medicine.My chosen career would be helping people in dealing with their hearts. As my job’s name means that I help all people, I will help people whether they are poor or rich. I like helping people and sometimes it make me very happy. I am very careful, prudent and cautious, so I think this job will suit me. And we all have to “Think big, think expansion” (Why we want you to be rich), because you don’t have to only be a teacher or a police officer. I want to help people, I want to cure and heal sick people. “The achievements of modern medicine are almost miraculous, and treatments are improving every year.” (The invision guide to a healthy heart.) According to the above, I need to carry on studying Mathematics, Physical Science and Biology, so I can keep studying at university.

인문/어학| 2007.08.31| 4페이지| 1,500원| 조회(283)

프로젝트, 직업, 리포트, Report, Career

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Focus on Differences in Language and Style

Focus on Differences in Language and Style‘Vendetta’ and ‘The Suit’ have many differences. Basically, from the titles, they are different which means not just the words as titles, but the hidden meaning of the words. For example, physical revenge and mental revenge. These types of differences will be discussed in the below paragraphs.Firstly: physical revenge and mental revenge.In ‘Vendetta’, physical revenge is in. Semilante, the dear friend of Antoine and Mrs Saverini (Antoine’s mother), kills Nicolas, who killed Antoine during a quarrel, by tearing his throat. Semilante is the weapon in this story.In ‘The Suit’, mental revenge is used. Philemon, who has a double-mind, does not kill Matilda, his wife (because she has committed adultery). Instead, he drives her to suicide by his actions and speech, which are used as weapons against Matilda.Secondly: instruments.In ‘Vendetta’, Mrs Saverini makes the instrument. Mrs Saverini is shocked by her son Antoine’s death and trains the dog, their family pet, named Semilante, to kill Nicolas.In ‘The Suit’, Philemon is the instrument. Through the story, Philemon sees his wife’s adultery and decided how he will act against her. He looks slightly changed because he seems very gentle but cruel, too.Thirdly: about the stories and the speeches used in the stories.‘Vendetta’ means revenge, so the word ‘vendetta’ is used as the title and the theme. The story is about revenge. Mrs Saverini trains the dog for three month to get revenge but the story doesn’t really gather the attention.‘The Suit’ is not only used for the title, but it also means mental revenge to Matilda. The suit is the man’s clothes whom she had adultery with. Every time she sees the suit, it is mentally painful to her.The speeches in ‘Vendetta’ are very gloomy and somber. Mrs Saverini is the only person speaking in the story. Her pains, that she lost her only son Antoine, are buried in her speeches and actions.The speeches in ‘The Suit’ are very gentle and royal, but also show fear and someone being menaced and threatened. Philemon’s actions and speeches show us that he is double-minded person. He doesn’t accept Matilda’s unfaithful behavior. He doesn’t want to know why. To him, there is only one conclusion.In conclusion, the results are also different.After revenge, Mrs Saverini in ‘Vendetta’ feels comfortable. But in ‘The Suit’, after Matilda’s death, Philemon’s revenge seems in vain.Their ways of revenge are different. Why are their endings different?If you were a hero in these stories, what would be different? Which way of revenge would you choose?

인문/어학| 2007.08.18| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(182)

Essay, Vendetta, story, The suit, revenge

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