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[영문] What are some damaging effects of socio-cultural expectation of beauty of women

What are some damaging effectsof socio-cultural expectations of beauty on womenAbstractThe concept of beauty is getting changed rapidly through the world, it is truth that socio-cultural side-effect is regarded as significant factors that people need to recognize seriously. Through this research paper, we will catch that there is the dark side of committing to be beautiful, while bright side is existing. Clear data, reliable journal and magazines are collected to support main topic.IntroductionIn the contemporary society, many women pursue the image of ideal beauty to attract them to people. For which reason, plastic surgery industry is getting expanded fiercely without barriers and boarder. Actually, expanding and developing specific industry can make numerous synergy effects to society. However, according to aesthetic journal in Europe, this trend is spreading to all over the world rapidly, especially in Western Europe, North America and some part of East Asia. In turn, it makes remahich they want to have in the whole life. In turn, according to Alam and Dover (2001), in narrow usage, beauty can be defined by each individual and its attractiveness can be assessed by cultural standards. Actually, in the early Greek, beauty was measured in a symmetric way.The early Greeks were among the first to appreciate aesthetic perfection in terms of numeric symmetries and proportions. Phidias the sculptor based his creations on golden sections or rectangles; he used divisions of a line to create ratios of proportion in which the smaller was to the larger segment as the larger was to the whole (1:1.618). Later Europeans accepted the relations between limb size, torso and facial features seen in classical sculptures as the 3-dimensional representation of the ideal human form. Although these various systems were not necessarily compatible with each other, in each, beauty was equated with symmetry and defined in terms of immutable ratios.In this way, concept of beauty in the past is getting interest from people. It may be a one of human traits; moreover, it may be considered as a one of the best strategy to survive in this human society. Because people do not perceive beauty as a visual format to get satisfied, it is very significant condition. Actually, beauty is treated as a criterion to get positive impression and a standard to find out each individual’s ability whether they manage themselves or not.Beauty is, instead, unconsciously widely accepted as a marker for other positive attributes. Sappho’s observation that “what is beautiful is good” may be philosophically debatable, but in practice the beautiful is routinely judged to be qualitatively superior. Mental acuity, interpersonal skills, employability, and moral goodness are all associated with physically beautiful individuals. The magnitude of the effect is, in most cases, small to moderate. Teachers presented with report card and photographs of students expect the better looking to be more intelligentd the world. In addition, although, they live in same vast region, according to the research of Dobke, M., Chung, C., and Takabe, K.(2006), each country people have different ideal appearance in detail ways such as width of eyebrow and size of lips. In turn, surprisingly, they are ready to spend much money and time to get into the operation room to have those ideal appearances even there is a possibility that they can go under in critical condition. To help this booming period, many hospitals have equipments to satisfy consumer’s needs, such as facing morphing software which is called “FantaMorph” (Seung-chul, R.,2006, p.729).Damaging effect of committing beauty.Now, taking cosmetic surgery without wariness is a big social problem in some Asian countries. Different with beauty care service that is popular in North America and Western Europe (Newman, K., 2006), cosmetic surgery has a considerable risk which can harm people’s health condition even more their life in Asia. In addition, coause serious health problem.According to a report in last week’s New England Journal of Medicine, in a study of 3,130 men and women, ages 30 to 62, participating in the landmark Framing-ham Heart Study, researchers found that so-called yo-yo dieters ran a 7,090 higher risk of dying from heart disease than did people whose weight stayed fairly steady, even if they were overweight. (A. Toufexis., S. Kramer., & L. Williams, 1991, p.50)Thus, cosmetic surgery and eating disorder are originated from people’s unlimiteddesirable; moreover, it is stimulating by mass-media which is aided by some specific industry.ConclusionBeauty concept is getting changed by passing the time and generation. In turn, there is no limitation for people to satisfy their desirable. The industry, of course, is tended to use this people’s trait to pursuit their profit. The growing awareness of negative effects of committing beauty will be lead to reducing damaging effects which is caused by challenging beauty. The cer50

인문/어학| 2009.08.14| 13페이지| 4,000원| 조회(380)

분석, 인문학, 미용, 성형, 미의기준

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모토로라(Motorola)의 리더십 케이스 [영문]

AbstractWhy fortune’s 50th enterprises have spent their significant portion of time to establish leadership system? Answer is simple, best leaders can make success in their businesses. In early 2000, because “DOT COM” companies’ bubble had broken, communication enterprises like Motorola had been confronting with severe depression period. Thus Motorola needs to reconstruct their organization for the response of such depression. However, throughout relocating executives, Motorola recognized that it is not enough to resolve problems, which Motorola had been dealing, by internal qualified leaders. Originally, for the Motorola, supplying and demanding of leaders was the problem. Brand new organization structure not only needs more leaders but also who should be extremely high level of leaders to improve company’s competitive power. Otherwise, internal human resources pool was not sufficient to supply those kinds of leaders to the position which needs right leader. Furthermore, it is gettingowever, they did only focus on level of manufacturing and distributing to meet customer’s satisfaction. Consequently, they had not developed skills and programs to manage and create core leaders so that they had problem with using internal leaders’ while reconstructing company.Supply external leadersWhen Motorola recognized that they need to attain high quality of leaders, most enterprises in the market had dealt with same issue. At that time, because of extraordinary attraction of “DOT COM” companies, most MBA graduates and core leaders had flown into venture companies. Hence, external supplying of core leader had decreased.Changes in structure of populationAccording to McKinsey and Company, as retiring of baby boom generation, supplying of high level of leaders would be going to decrease. Then, the war for talent will get started.Likewise, because of shortage of core leaders, developing, attracting and retaining talents is getting each company’s significant strategy to overcome econoensable role for establishing performance oriented culture of Motorola. Discriminative compensation according to devotion to company’s success has delivered strong message to their employees that leadership and performance are essential.Supporting change of occupationThroughout this process, company relocates employees who don’t have developed leadership successfully to general position. Along with this process, Motorola can establish organized mechanism to create core leaders without wasting time and money. Moreover, company has believed that this process is very effective to motivate their talents’ potentials.Establishing standards of Motorola’s leadership: ‘4e’s + Always 1Motorola had perceived that real changing is going to get started when they set clear target. Thus, they circumscribe new concept of leadership through interviewing CEO from diverse industries. Consequently, Motorola had realized that company should be changed to performance-oriented through deriving ‘4e’s+Always 1her than outstanding goals.Thus, for strong effective leader who has developed their leadership, company provides more authority and opportunity for challenging tasks that is significant for company’s core business. For moderate leader, company provides relative compensation. Otherwise, for ineffective leader, company provides more detail leadership development program or politely asks to change their occupation.Consequence of leadership supplying processIn 2003, positioning 70 high levels of leaders for top 100 superior positions including new CEO, COO, CFO and CTO.Motorola’s performance as a whole is getting improved.Earning per share had increased from -1.78/share in 2001 to 0.38/share.Creating profit for 7 consecutive quarters.Operating profit has improved from -6.0% to 4.3%Generating positive cash inflow for 12 consecutive quarters.Amount current debt had dropped from $7 billion to $0.1 billion.Debt ration had dropped to 0.3% which is the lowest record since 1983.EdificationMotororucted by external consulting firm so that internal consulting team may had problem with keeping momentum of this process when they got the handle for this process from external consulting firm.RecommendationIt is reasonable for Motorola to set the plan of creating effective leaders with focusing on performance management because they were in severe recession period at that time. Therefore, to survive in their business field, they need leaders who can deal with these kinds of situation along with generating profit which is definitely essential for company’s permanence. However, Motorola should be prepared for future-oriented leadership program for the situation when they meet the good mood in economic. In the future competition, most of company needs to make quick decision for rapid changing business field; thus, for this situation, leader should be ready to response quickly as possible as they can. In this case, leadership, which is somewhat different with Motorola’s concept of interny.

경영/경제| 2009.08.14| 7페이지| 3,000원| 조회(237)

조직행동론, 리더십, 모토로라, 케이스, 영문, Motorola

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[영문] 하버드 비지니스 리뷰 소재 마케팅 플래닝 케이스 분석

Customer AnalysisODI’s potential customers are chicken farmers of large farms (at least 10,000 birds). According to Olson, chicken farmers tend to be an independent-minded breed of men. This suggests that they may be stubborn and hesitant to give up the debeaking method, which has been around for nearly 50 years. Therefore it is up to ODI’s promotion and advertising campaign to convince them otherwise.Farmers have four main reasons to buy the lens: 1) to reduce chicken mortality; 2) to increase egg production; 3) to reduce feed cost; 4) to increase the total profit base on the above reasons. Facts show that the ODI lens addresses all of these issues so it is in their best interest to adopt it. They can order the lens online, in-store at one of ODI’s regional offices, or by calling toll free.Competitive AnalysisThere is no competition for ODI in the short run in terms of inter-product competition. Large firms are expected to have circumvented the patent and entered the industry by 1980.and Opportunities, please see Appendix 1.Segmentation, Targeting, PositioningODI should segment the market based on flock size of the farms and target their marketing and sales strategy towards farms with more than 20,000 birds. As illustrated in exhibit 4 of the case, the number of chicken farms with flock size less than 10,000 has vastly shrunk between 1964 and 1969. With limited resources and sales personnel, it makes sense for ODI to characterize their target segments as medium and large farms Small farms have smaller hen houses and cannibalism in birds may not be a serious enough problem for ODI’s product to appeal to them. Also, Garrison believes that a farm would have to have at least 10,000 birds to be sold profitably by ODI.Geographically, the highest concentration of large farms (>20,000 birds) is in California (521 large farms), the South Atlantic (1098 large farms), West South Central (531 large farms), East North Central (418 large farms), and the East South Central regionduced in the future. There are several facets that will be considered when building a strong brand: 1) Organizational Structure and Processes, which will be addressed by management’s determination of providing a successful product 2) Brand Architecture, the enthusiasm consumers have on the efficiency and popularity of contact lenses will therefore create a relationship with ODI’s lenses and thereafter breakthrough the poultry industry 3) Brand Identity, positioning the brand to differentiate itself from the alternative (debeaking) and demonstrating the effectiveness and benefits (e.g. reduced trough sizes results in savings in food costs) 4) Brand Building Programs, utilizing various mediums to endorse ODI’s product to achieve familiarity in the poultry industry and therefore creating a path that will (with anticipation) create an opportunity to serve other farm animals. Additionally, the brand building programs will allow ODI to track their progress as time passes, this will help manaornia due to its enormous chicken population. This exclusive combination of customer needs and managerial aspirations calls for a distribution system that will keep intermediaries absent.A Direct Channel will be implemented for ODI, as its simplistic approach of directly delivering a product along with the installation of the product to the ultimate consumer will help attain optimal efficiency. To complement the Direct Channel form of distribution, ODI will retain their regional office and warehouse as the only Manufacturer-Owned Facility at the launch of their product line. As a result, ODI’s operations are plainly of a Corporate Vertical Marketing System as every stage of the marketing channel is wholly controlled by ODI. All of the aforementioned strategies have been selected given the nature of the product’s factors—precise installation in order to enjoy all the benefits of the contact lenses.The degree of intensity with regard to ODI’s product line will change gradually due to thehe farming industry, sales promotions and building a reputation for having superior public relations.Conditions that may potentially affect the marketing communications element is rather minimal at this point in time due to the fact ODI’s product is currently exclusive because of the nature of the contract with New World and the patent. This will eliminate the fear of competitors for the time being and enable ODI to focus on the objectives of their marketing plan. Additionally, the executive team’s decision to initially start with serving the California market will set a sizeable marketplace and potentially increase the effectiveness of personal selling. The use of television to advertise ODI’s product would be costly and inefficient, as the product certainly does not appeal to all viewers. Instead, the $100,000.00 in annual advertising expenditure will be used to advertise in trade shows, magazines and use flyers. Rest assured, the diverse forms of advertising will provide a comprehen.

경영/경제| 2009.08.14| 10페이지| 4,000원| 조회(375)

마케팅, 케이스, 영문, HBR, 하버드비지니스리뷰, optical distori..

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[영문] MIS- ATM과 온라인뱅킹

GROUP PROJECT REPORTATM & ONLINE BANKING SYSTEMContentsIntroduction1Royal Bank of Canada (RBC)1History of ATM1-2ATM’s Infrastructure2ATM’s Software2People for ATM3ATM’s Procedures3-4ATM’s Hardware4ATM’s Information4-5Pros of ATM5Cons of ATM5-6ATM Fraud6Fraud Protection6Job Security6-7Future of ATM7Online Banking7History of Online Banking7Pros of Online Banking8Cons of Online Banking8Appendix8-9Reference10IntroductionAn automated teller machine (ATM) automates financial transactions including deposit, withdrawals, account transfer, balance request and bill payments without the need of human interaction 24/7. So the ATM can serve customer in the evening time, on a holiday or Sunday. Most modern ATMs, the customer are identified by inserting a plastic ATM card (usually a debit card) with a magnetic strip or a plastic smartcard with a chip that contains a unique card number and some security information. Once the machine reads the machines read the card it will request a personal identifiche first ATM was a cash dispenser only and the next version was going to be the total teller (created in 1971) which is the ATM we all know today that does from taking deposits, transferring money from checking to savings, etc. The first ATMs were off-line machines, meaning money was not automatically withdrawn from the account. The ATM and bank accounts did not connect through a computer network. Therefore ATM was only given to credit card holders with good banking records. Later Wetzelm Barnes and Chastain developed the first real ATM cards, cards with a magnetic strip and PIN to get cash.In addition, development and expansion of electronic fund transfer system had triggered the creation of networks of self-service cash withdrawal machines which is called as Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). In the contemporary society, ATM is indispensable machine which can reduce the time of transaction for customers and cost of operation for the company operates ATM. In addition, ATMs have definedout the right number of bills.In the back of the system when a customer wants to do an ATM transaction, they need to provide the machine with necessary information such as the debit card and the PIN. The ATM forwards this information to the host processor, which routes the transaction requested to the cardholder’s bank or institution that issued the cad. If it is a request for cash, the host processor cause an electronic funds transfer to take place from the customer’s bank account to the host processor’s account. Once the funds are transferred to the host processor’s bank account, the processor sends an approval code to the ATM authorizing the machine to dispense the cash. The processor then ACH (Automated Clearing House), which means that a person or business is authorizing another person or business to draft on an account, the customer’s funds into the merchant’s bank account, usually the next bank business day. In this way the merchant is reimbursed for all the funds dispensed by tent (CRM) system to record data. So RBC management can use analytical CRM to do strategic analysis. So they can better able to tailor to their customer. They can even decide where to install more ATM if they find that the ATM’s in a certain location are always being use at peak times. ATM is even able to “eat” the card if the user enters the wrong PIN or has been reported lost. This stops the circulation of the card. There are even security cameras install on ATMs now to catch the thefts. ATM is also known for their reliability because they’re operational most of the time. Industry benchmarks show that ATM’s are available to customer 98.25% and up to 99.99% fir host systems. If ATMs goes out of service, customer will not be able to make transaction until the beginning of their bank’s next time opening hours. So it is very important for RBC to have their ATM working all the time. The ATM should be bug free, if there are logic errors in the system. ATM could be handing out cash when it ially, OS/2 has reliably run ATMs and branches for several years; however, developer, IBM, has announced that they will no longer support OS/2. NCR estimates that 70% of ATMs they are operating are based on OS/2 system. However, in the future, they are going to migrate from OS/2 to Windows which provides TCP/IP based network that gives greater band-width of ATM communication. It means that ATM can provide more information as faster rates in ATM communication including the graphic needed for effective marketing.Customized marketing.Faster and effective ATM technology makes banks possible to provide customized and targeted marketing along with customer relationship management software. Bank can push the customized message to its customer through TCP/IP network which is powered by Windows.Online BankingOnline banking or (internet banking) allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website (website that has SSL, Secure Socket Layer) operated by the bank such as (RBC). On'

경영/경제| 2009.08.14| 13페이지| 3,500원| 조회(314)

mis, ATM, 케이스, 온라인뱅킹, 현금자동지급기

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GE의 기업문화 Case 분석

“Imagination at work” is the motto that encompasses the General Electric (GE) organization and, as such, GE is ultimately devoted to turning creative and innovative ideas into leading products and services that aid in the resolution of some of the world’s most difficult problems (GE, 2008). GE is exemplified as one of the elite organizations in the world as witnessed by their eleventh ranking on the Fortune 500 list, (Fortune, 2007), their selection as America’s Most Admired Company (Fortune, 2007) and their trademark being garnered the fourth most valuable brand in the world (Business Week, 2006).GE is a conglomerate that delves into sectors such as technology, media and financial services. They manufacture a plethora of products ranging from aircraft jets to medical software while also providing business and consumer financing. GE has six divisions for its products and services: GE Commercial Finance, GE Healthcare, GE Industrial, GE Infrastructure, GE Money and NBC Universal (GE, 20rience. Training includes in-class lectures taught by GE professionals as well as the appointment of individual mentors for each employee (Stewart, 1999). In addition to providing exposure to the company’s corporate culture, training programs ensure that employees have the appropriate tools to be productive, provides clarification of responsibilities, and caters to a realistic job preview. Mentors support employees since their guidance reduces learning curves and relieves the stress incurred in new situations (Messmer, 2000).Work-outs are a GE initiative developed in 1989 by former CEO Jack Welch (Stewart, 1999). Employees and managers from all levels of operation gather for meetings to openly and honestly discuss management practices and processes in an effort to eliminate unproductive or bureaucratic behaviour that retard personal effectiveness. After the discussion, participants must present the superior with their proposed solution, whereby the superior must immediately accept or rhin GE -- the African America Forum, the Hispanic Forum and the Asian Pacific American Forum. Each forum focuses on role modeling, coaching and mentorship. Minority group members at GE are provided with emotional support, encouragement, and counseling, in addition to the career functions of, both of which are related to successful socialization mentoring (i.e., coaching and feedback) (Johns & Saks, 2005). GE deems mentoring programs as so important that participation by senior executives is mandatory and keeping track of which mentor is aligned with which trainee is also obligatory (Walsh, 2000).Even though each ethnic forum is necessary for the enhancement of each races’ position within the company, having separate forums could have detrimental consequences to the GE culture. Separating cultures could cause one ethnic group to become very tight-knit and alienated and not communicative with other cultures. This could culminate in a fragmented corporate culture. To avoid this, GE shouldemployees working in the sub-unit has the autonomy to instil efficiency in their work process.As the span of control in GE is relatively large, former GE CEO, Jack Welch emphasized boundarylessness as being vital in order to enhance the company’s potential power. This occurs when of boundaries between departments and managers and employees are removed (Alistair, 2004). Jack Welch believes that GE is doing well and is positioned to do even better, not because it is managing better, but because it is managing less (Welch, 1993).Formalization, the degree to which an organization standardizes their procedures (Gary and Alan, 1996), is relatively low in GE. Employees are allowed to deviate from standard work procedures in the quest to create new products that are both innovative and creative. In GE, Immelt is determined to have GE produce appliances or services that have been influenced by innovation since this leads to growth (Thomas, 2006). Innovation is so important to GE that it is a cogo, V, 1997). GE should consider flattening their structure even more to decrease decision-making time so they can survive in the fast paced age of global competition. (Appelbaum, S. T. & Santiago, V, 1997). Since GE is involved in so many diverse products and services, it can rely on different industries to survive should one industry fail. Also, given that GE operates in different geographic regions and that United States could be heading into a recession, the company will have continued growth due to its overseas operations.If GE decides to expand by using its current structure, the flatter organizational structure could have a negative impact on an employee. Career plateau occurs when the individual’s role has not changed for a while due to factors such as baby boomers holding down positions longer, mergers and takeovers causing lay-offs and resulting in fewer positions available (Appelbaum, S. T. & Santiago, V, 1997). With limited positions to choose from managers could become are 1

경영/경제| 2009.08.14| 10페이지| 3,500원| 조회(299)

GE, 조직행동론, 기업문화, 케이스, case

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