Breast Cancer Detector by Impedance AnalyzerTaeyun Kim, Bobaro Chang, Jaejun ParkSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCollege of EngineeringYonsei UniversityBreast Cancer Detector by Impedance AnalyzerThesis Advisor: Youngcheol ChaeA thesis submitted in a partial fulfillmentfor the Capstone Design for Electrical & Electronic Engineers’ requirementsDecember 2016Taeyun Kim, Bobaro Chang, Jaejun ParkSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCollege of EngineeringYonsei University감사의 글어느덧 졸업 논문이 마무리 되고 이렇게 글을 쓰는 순간이 너무도 행복합니다. 많이 부족한 저희가 이렇게 졸업 논문을 마무리하고, 만족할 만한 결과가 나올 수 있었던 것은 많은 분들의 도움이 있었기 때문입니다. 도움을 주신 모든 분들께 감사를 드립니다.처음 주제를 받고 실험을 시작했을 때는, ‘어떻게 이걸 진행하지?’ 막막하고 홀로 선 느낌이었습니다. 그런 저희에게 바쁘신 와중에도 귀중한 시간을 할애해 주시고, 진행 방향을 알려주면서 ‘잘하고 있다.’ 사랑과 격려로 보살펴 주시던 채영철 교수님께 진심으로 감사의 말씀을 올립니다. 교수님의 자상한 미소는 졸업 후에도 잊지 못할 것 같습니다.쉬는 날에도, 다른 일을 하고 있을 때도 저희를 위해 나와서 실험실을 열어주기도 하고 실험에 대한 설명을 해주는 모습이 감동적이었고 새벽에 연락을 해도 친절하게 맞아주시던 송성우 조교님께 감사를 표합니다.마지막으로 연세대학교 전기전자공학부에도 감사를 올립니다. 많이 부족했던 저희를 이만큼 성장하게 해 low frequency, since contactor has some capacitance and register noise and value changed swiftly. So some high frequency we can get the stable result compared to low frequency region. Because that value can be detected easily, whether the breast has some malignant component or not. After we choose proper frequency sector, we will use estimator board for movable device. It is AD5933.Fig. 2.1. Impedance AnalyzerTo apply this equipment to a brassiere, miniaturized one is demanded. According this requirement, miniaturized impedance analyzer is selected as AD5933 which has a size of about 5.6cm*6.5cm. By measuring the impedance, it can measure the presence or absence of breast cancer and so does the position.The AD5933 is a high precision impedance converter system solution that combines an on-board frequency generator with a 12-bit, 1 MSPS, analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The frequency generator allows an external complex impedance to be excited with a known frequency. The response sigdivided. At first, to give out the model of phantom, the half-sphere model is plotted on Matlab window like below Fig 2.10. Surf function is used to make the half-sphere and the last parameter of that is gradient of the value of z. Therefore, same color of half-sphere model can be obtained. This is kind of setting a reference that is dots to be plotted.Fig. 2.10. Basic half sphere realization (Appendix 1)On that half-sphere model, supposed the case of 128*32 dots plotted on it.Fig. 2.11. Sphere with 128*32 dotsAs described on Fig. 2.11, there are pretty many dots that cover the phantom. Therefore, detecting the point cancer located can be realized by this case surely. However, by plotting more dots on that sphere 4 times more, it looks like cover the entire sphere, expecting a detailed detection.Fig. 2.12. Sphere with 256*64 dotsOn alpha, the number 256 means that setting the alpha angle into 256 section in sphericalcoordinate. So does beta into 64 sections (Appendix 2). The divided se by ECG. And by the Fig. 1.1, designed measurement use Wet Ag/Agcl. This electrode is affected below 0.1 kHz. So designed measurement use 30 kHz frequency.Fig. 2.19. Noise Spectrum3. Experiment SetupTrial and error, Optimization for experimentindustrial SiliconGelatinagar with non-cancer sampleagar with cancer sampleFig. 3.1. Various phantomsIn the case of the phantoms, there were largely three attempts. Those are industrial silicon, gelatin and agar. At first, for silicon, the hardener was used to make the pure industrial silicon hardener, in this progress there was a remarkable tendency to lower conductivity of silicon. Because of this phenomenon industrial silicon is not appropriate to serve as a phantom. Secondly, in case of gelatin, this has a melting point of about the temperature of hand. This means that gelatin phantom cannot maintain its appearance as a phantom like shown in the photo above. Finally, the last trial one agar, it has the melting point of about 70 Celsius degree,23),beta(23),256))/2;pin_x_int_24 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(24));pin_y_int_24 = r.*sin(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(24));pin_z_int_24 = r.*sin(linspace(beta(24),beta(24),256))/2;pin_x_int_25 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(25));pin_y_int_25 = r.*sin(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(25));pin_z_int_25 = r.*sin(linspace(beta(25),beta(25),256))/2;pin_x_int_26 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(26));pin_y_int_26 = r.*sin(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(26));pin_z_int_26 = r.*sin(linspace(beta(26),beta(26),256))/2;pin_x_int_27 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(27));pin_y_int_27 = r.*sin(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(27));pin_z_int_27 = r.*sin(linspace(beta(27),beta(27),256))/2;pin_x_int_28 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(28));pin_y_int_28 = r.*sin(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(beta(28));pin_z_int_28 = r.*sin(linspace(beta(28),beta(28),256))/2;pin_x_int_29 = r.*cos(linspace(0,256*alpha,256)).*cos(
1. 다음 부등식을 증명해라.(a)e ^{x ^{2}} GEQ 1+x ^{2}(b)x GEQ 1일 때,LEFT | xlox-ylogy RIGHT | GEQ LEFT | x-y RIGHT |2. 다음 특이 적분이 수렴하는 양의 실수p의 범위를 구하여라.(a)int _{0} ^{1} {{sinx} over {x ^{p}} dx}(b)int _{1} ^{INF } {sin( {1} over {x ^{p}} )dx}3.f(x,y):= int _{xy} ^{x ^{2} +y ^{2}} {e ^{-(t-1) ^{2}} dt}에 대하여 물음에 답하시오.(a){Partial f} over {Partial x} (1,0)과{Partial f} over {Partial y} (1,0)을 구하시오.(b)(1,0)에서f의( {3} over {5} , {4} over {5} )방향으로의 방향 미분계수를 구하시오.4. 직육면체에서 모서리의 길이의 합이 120일 때 직육면체가 가질 수 있는 부피의최댓값을 라그랑주 승수법을 이용하여 구하시오.5. 함수f(x)= int _{2} ^{x} {log( sqrt {t} + sqrt {t-1} )} dt,(x>1)#에 대하여(a)f는 역함수g=f ^{-1}을 가짐을 보이시오.(b)g prime (0)의 값을 구하여라.(c)h(x)= int _{x ^{2}} ^{x ^{2} +1} {log( sqrt {t} + sqrt {t-1} )dt} 일 때h prime (1)을 구하여라.6. 원점을 반시계방향으로 둘러 싸고 있는 임의의 경로C에 대하여벡터장vec{F} =( {y} over {x ^{2} +y ^{2}} , {-x} over {x ^{2} +y ^{2}} )으로 정의 될 때int _{C} ^{} {vec{F} BULLET dr}을 구하여라.7. 곡면x ^{2} +y ^{2} +z ^{2} =1,z GEQ 0와 벡터장F(x,y,z)=(z-y,xcosz,e ^{xy} +z ^{2} ) 에 대하여 다음 물음에 답하시오.(단S의 향은n BULLET k GEQ 0이 되도록 정한다.)(a)curlF 를 구하시오.(b)dint _{S} ^{} {curlF BULLET dS}의 값을 구하시오.(c)x ^{2} +y ^{2} +z ^{2} =1을 경계로 하는 영역과z= {1} over {3}평면과 이루는 영역을bar{S}라고 할 때dint _{bar{S}} ^{} {F BULLET dS}의 값을 구하여라. (단bar{S}의 향은k성분이 양수이다.)8. 함수f(x)=e ^{cos(x ^{2} )}에 대하여{d ^{8} f} over {dx ^{8}} (0)의 값을 구해라.