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Early Exposure to germs improve immune system

Early exposure to germs improve immune systemIntroductionThe rates ofasthmaand allergy in the U.S have been increasing in recent decades especially among children. According to the research, approximately 20% of the population now suffers from allergic rhinitis and asthma. When we were little, parents always told us to stay clean, wash our hands every time we get home and warned us not to touch dirty things. However, in spite of their hard work to make their kids germ-free, children still wheeze, sneeze and cough. Why is this happening? This phenomenon can be explained by hygiene Hypothesis, which says that contact with bacteria and other microbes is necessary to building a normal immune system. According to Markus Ege, an epidemiologist at the Children’s hospital of Munich, he asserted that “Bacteria can be beneficial for asthma” “You have to have microbes that educate the immune system. But you have to have the right ones.” Parents should stop scrubbing their homes and let their chilmmune disease such as asthma, inflammatory bowel and enteric disease. The scientists did experiment relate to this iNKT action with experimental rats. The researchers first made both sterile and normal rats to get asthma and done a comparative analysis on the number of iNKT in their body and the level of their symptoms. According to the result, the sterile rat had more iNKT in lung which can lead to autoimmune disease and the symptoms were much serious than a normal rat. In other word, the level of immunity of sterile rat dropped as both the rate of CXCL16 and iNKT increase. Moreover, according to the epidemiologic studies, the lower the level of endotoxin (LPS) at home, the higher chance of getting allergic diseases and asthma. LPS is a bacterial molecule that provokes and educates the immune systems through triggering signals by a molecular “switch” called TLR4. Thus, when LPS flips that switch into the “on” position, the child’s immune system become educated to defend against infect9 per cent of children from families at a higher socio-economic level. Moreover, the prevalence of allergic diseases was different in rural town and urban area. In the rural area, there was a lower prevalence of allergic diseases. The study was of cross-sectional design and included 1,828 children, aged 9-12 years, from village, rural town and urban area in Korea. Among rural children, 35.5% were sensitized to 1 or more allergen, whereas 46.3% of urban children were sensitized. This was explained by a higher prevalence of sensitization to dust mites and cat in the urban children. Thus, lower rate in allergic diseases and atopic sensitization was associated with agricultural or livestock farming parents, farm animal contact during pregnancy, pet owners. This study demonstrates that growing up on a farm and having rural life style may provide protection from both sensitization and allergic diseases in childhood.(Chart 1)° rural area 8.2 < small town 12.7% < urban area 13.2%° rural areag polluted air. However, ironically, the rate of both allergies and asthma was lower than North. Another example to explain this phenomenon is the case of Ghana in 1967. Ghana is commonly known as developing country and place free of antibiotics and vaccinations. However, while Ghanaians were free of asthma because they lived and grew up in an environment that is filled with microbes and dirty organisms, the parasitic infestation and asthma were common in sterile West.ExperienceNot only through scientific evidence, but also we can actually see this phenomenon in our real life. When our group started to talk about their real experiences relate to this topic, we had lot of experiences coming out from each member of our group. First, as I am allergic to dust, pollen and animals’ fur, it’s been almost 2 years since I get allergy treatment at the hospital. When I first got there, they did allergy test on my body. They put tons of allergies to my body and look for the reaction so that they c phenomenon. As her friends keep a dog, her immune system become strong and finally her allergy disappeared. Final example is Seohyun’s story. In 2008, there was prevalence of swine flu in Korea and all over the world. I still remember that I was shocked that people died because of swine flu and our school closed several days to prevent students from being infected. Seohyun told us that her brother has a mysophobia. He always washed his hands frequently and keeps his body clean ever since he was a little. Thus, when he heard about swine flu, he did not worry at all. He just washed his body more frequently than before. However, unfortunately, he got a swine flu. This seemed ironic at first, but when I did a lot of research on this topic, now I understand how that could happen.ConclusionIn conclusion, early exposure to germs and dirt can be helpful to build our immune system strong, which prevents our body from getting asthma, allergies, and other autoimmune disease. This phenomenon, theies

의/약학| 2014.11.05| 7페이지| 1,000원| 조회(99)

어린이, 면역력, 병균, Germs

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Anna Karenina

Publisher: MacmillanLevel: 6Characters: Anna Karenina, Alexei Vronsky, Alexei Karenin, Stiva Oblonsky, Oklly Oblonskaya, Constantine Levin, Kitty, Betsy, Lidia lvanovna.Setting: This story stays in Moscow, Russia and the time period is nineteenth century.From the first few chapters, I found out this book to be very interesting. I could realize that Anna’s brother Stiva Oblonsky had cheated his wife and he was asking forgiveness and they had unhappy marriage. Also, Kitty refused Constantine Levin’s propose. At first sight, I realized that this story is about the love stories which is my favorite.5:00-6:00 14 pages.I have heard about an author Leo Tolstoy many times in my life. I knew he is a very famous writer. However, I had no chance to read his novel. So, I just picked this book from the library when I saw the name “Leo Tolstoy”. This was my first time reading his novel. After reading this novel, I realized why Leo Tolstoy was very famous for love stories. Even though sad ending is not my favorite, I really enjoyed this book. The main characters in this story are definitely Anna Karenina and Alexei Vronsky. Mostly, this was about Anna’s love. This book contained four marriages: Anna and her lover Vronsky, Anna and her former husband Alexei Karenin, Anna’s brother Stiva Oblonsky and his wife Dolly, and Constantine Levin and Kitty. These people’s marriage lives were well described in this story. Their love were all different. Anna thought she had a perfect marriage even though her husband was not a lovely man. She had such a wealthy life and had lovely son. She thought her life is perfect, but when she fell in love with Vronsky, she just abandon her family and live with her lover. In the end, Anna thought Vronsky’s do not love her anymore, and regard herself as a terrible and poor lady, then committed the suicide. This story was very sad but I realized that love such a strong power and marriage is important thing in our lives to consider carefully. I do not think, Anna Karenina is bad woman who abandoned her husband and child because of her love toward Vronsky. I think she is such a brave woman who can be true to one’s feeling. If I have a chance to change the plot, I would make Vronsky to take his little daughter Annie instead of letting Karenin look after her. Towards the end, Anna got pregnant Vronsky’s child. However, when Anna committed suicide, Vronsky went to fight in the Serbian war to die as he felt his life was useless without Anna. However, I would make Vronsky to stay in Russia and take over his little daughter Annie and watch her grow. I would definitely recommend this book to my mother. I have asked her whether if she read this novel or not. She said she have read it when she was little. I want her to read it again in English version.

인문/어학| 2014.10.13| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(60)

Anna Karenina, 안나 카레이나

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10. A room with a view

Characters: Lucy Honeychurch, Charlotte Bartlett, George Emerson, Mr. Emerson, Cecil Vyse, Mrs. Honeychurch, Mr. Beebe, Freddy, The Miss Alans, Miss Lavish, Mr. Eager, Minnie, Sir Harry Otway.Settings: the setting of this book starts in Florence and the second half of the book centers on Lucy’s home in Surrey. The main characters of this story were Lucy Honeychurch and George Emerson. Lucy Honeychurch, a young upper middle class woman visits Italy with her older cousin Aunt Charlotte. In Florence, they came inside of the pension, but they got upset because the room that they are given look into the courtyard rather than out over the river Arno.

인문/어학| 2014.10.13| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(67)

A Room with A View, room with view, Room w..

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12. Pride and Prejudice

Publisher: PenguinLevel: 5Characters: Elizabeth Bennet, Mr Darcy, Jane Bennet, Mr and Mrs Bennet, Mary Bennet, Lydia Bennet, Kitty Bennet, Mr Bingley, Caroline Bingley, Mr Wickham, Lady Catherine, Mr Collins, Aunt and uncle Gardiner, Charlotte Lucas, Georgiana Darcy.Setting: This story is set in the 19th century in England. The setting primarily stays in Longbourn, near Meryton and London.This novel starts with news in the Bennet family that Mr Bingley, a wealthy handsome young bachelor who earns five thousand pounds a year moved into Netherfield Park in the neighborhood. And Mrs Bennet wants Mr Bingley as a husband for one of her five daughters. From the couple of chapters, I did not know who the main characters are. For few chapters, the novel was about the general information. At first, I thought Jane Bennet and Mr Bingley are the two main characters. However, later when I read few chapters more, I realized that Elizabeth and Mr Darcy are the two main characters. Since I have heard about the novel “Pride and prejudice” for many times though I have never read it before, I knew this novel is some kinds of story that I would like. I like novel about a love story.8:00 – 9:00 I read 15 pages.When I finished reading, I knew why this novel was so famous for many years and why it still does. Like I expected in the beginning, I really liked this kind of story, a love story between man and woman in the past. I also found out that why the title of this novel is “Pride and Prejudice”. This story was to show readers problems and misunderstandings that arise from one’s pride and prejudice. Ms. Elizabeth Bennet represents prejudice and Mr Darcy represents pride. Due to Elizabeth’s first impression of Mr. Darcy at the ball, she holds a prejudice against Mr. Darcy. However, later she found out what kind of person Mr. Darcy truly is and get rid of her prejudice against him and finally get married with him. Actually, the character that I liked the most was Elizabeth Bennet too. She was the main character and second of the Bennet daughters as well. She was intelligent, attractive, active and witty. She is not kind of a girl who hide her expression or feeling. She is the one who says what is right and wrong. She says something that is right no matter how rich the person she speaks to. She also do not feel ashamed of her family’s poor. I really liked her personality. Also, I liked how the plots went throughout the story and the storylines were strong enough and had lots of details in it. However, If I have a chance to change the setting or make something different, I would make Mr. Wickham to get into some kinds of trouble and sent him to jail or something. I did not like how he lied to Elizabeth and marry to her sister. I would definitely recommend this book to my friend. As this novel is very famous and familiar, I want my friend to read this book again in English version.

인문/어학| 2014.10.13| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(88)

pride and prejudice, Pride, Prejudice

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9. The Scarlet Letter

Characters: Hester Prynne, Pearl, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmensdale, Governor Bellingham, Mistress Hibbins, Mr. John.Setting: The setting starts from Prison Lane in the Puritan town of Salem and then, for the rest of the story the setting stays in this town.In the story, a young woman Hester, a main character had to wear a fabric in the shape of an “A” for many years, which represents that she is an adulterer

인문/어학| 2014.10.13| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(111)

The Scarlet letter, Scarlet Letter, scarle..

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