Principles of Economics00000ㅇㅇ학과 ㅇㅇㅇ2016년 2학기ㅇㅇㅇ 교수님Money Velocity in KoreaPrinciples of Economics (2)Velocity of money shows the rate at which money changes hands; how much it is exchanged between different agents of economic activity.Money itself doesn’t hold a fixed value, but depends on its scarcity. To know a value of 10,000 we should look at the money supply. The more money supply there is, the higher the price level gets. In other words, if you can buy less goods than before with the same amount of money as then, it means that more money is supplied; this means inflation.Velocity fomula:V=VelocityPY=Nominal GDP=(price level) (real GDP)M= money supplyBelow is a chart that shows the nominal GDP, money supply and velocity of South Korea during 2007~2014.The numbers are in trillions.Velocity is calculated by dividing nominal GDP(=PY) by money supply(M). When this rate gets lower than usual, the media often report that ‘the money is not flowing’.If the chart above is put into a line graph, it is shown as in the following page:When more money is supplied, the price level goes up, causing inflation. Accordingly PY, nominal GDP, increases (Nominal GDP=Price levelReal GDP)If we look closer at ‘Velocity’ alone, we can understand that velocity is usually very stable. (See graph below)When the size of the economy (PY) increases from 2007's 1,043trillion won to 1,486trillion won in 2014, the money supply should also increase (from 1,603trillion in 2007 to 2,721 trillion in 2014) as the rate at which money flows(velocity) is constant all along.Put into other words, for the economic activity to be worth PY, M should be transferred V times.The graphs above show that the velocity is usually very stable. However, velocity is not always constant; in the long run velocity can fluctuate. Although not shown in any of the graphs above, compared with the 1970s velocity had fallen significantly in 2007. (Velocity in the 1970s was approximately between 3~4 while the velocity in 2007 marks about 0.6, as shown in the above chart)This is because money had become less significant in 2007 than the 1970s. In the past people used to carry cash in wallets, but by 2007 most people became familiar with credit cards.자료 참고: 통계청0000 ㅇㅇ학과 ㅇㅇㅇ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 3
(NAME)Professor (NAME)(CLASS)(DATE) January 1, 2018Two Different yet Similar Perspectives of Looking at Security MeasuresWe are living in a transitional time of complex technology. Various changes have been introduced in our lives, and the rapid speed of such changes is so fast that we cannot even make fair enough judgements about new systems and ideas. Electronic surveillance system is definitely an example of such phenomenon. It has taken security management to another level. Convenient and easy, computerized surveillance systems are already commonplace all around our society. However, did we give them enough thought to be able to determine if they are reliable or not? As can be inferred from the title of the article, “Trading Liberty for Illusions” the author Wendy Kaminer, who is a lawyer and social critic, insists that we are trading our own freedom and rights for detrimental surveillance systems which are nothing but a mere illusion of security. Kaminer asserts that the electronithors appeal to emotion to maximize effective communication with the readers. The three strategies are implemented in both articles and are presented in ways to make them more persuasive, albeit with different objectives and in different contexts.The first and the most noticeable strategy used in both articles is providing evidences from experts. In “Trading Liberty for Illusions”, Kaminer quotes several reports from trusted sources. She mentions a report by the American Civil Liberties Union which announces that the facial recognition system was never effective in Tampa─it was unable to identify an image despite the police’s database of photographs and made many errors that would’ve been easy for a person to recognize (Kaminer, 2012, p.398). In addition, Kaminer(2012) uses another report by the Detroit Free Press, showing inappropriate use of facial recognition systems by police in Michigan to stalk and threaten the citizens (p.398). By citing such reports from the ACLU and the Detroions. However, while Kaminer uses examples from institutions, the examples used by The Economist are mostly from individual experts. Moreover, the strategy itself is also used more frequently in “If Looks Could Kill”.Drawing attention to specific words or phrases is another evident strategy that both authors implement. When listing the names of respected presidents that actually made wrong decisions in order to protect security, Kaminer(2012) comments that Abraham Lincoln suspended the habeas corpus and accused many people for “disloyalty” (p.397). By drawing attention to the word “disloyalty” with the quotation mark expresses Kaminer’s sarcasm towards the measure; she is trying to blame its vague standards of determining a crime. In addition, the strategy shows up again when she talks about misused facial-recognition systems in Tampa, where the database of the system included people who are not criminals, but are considered by the police to have “valuable intelligence” (Kaminer, 2012, e meaning lying underneath the vocabulary than simply understanding the words as it stands. This strategy emphasizes the real meaning and implication of the author and enhance the readers’ understanding of the sentences.Lastly, the authors appeal to emotion. The very first sentence of “Trading Liberty for Illusions” is an example: “Only a fool with no sense of history would have been sanguine about the prospects for civil liberties after the September 11 attack” (Kaminer, 2012, p.397). The use of fierce vocabulary strike the readers immediately, forcefully making the authors anticipate the author’s stance right away. Not only that, but liberty being “trampled”, and innocent people being “swept up” by the Bush administration in fears of terrorism (Kaminer, 2012, p.398) are both harsh and strong words, yet extremely powerful. Such vocabulary Kaminer selects makes the readers of the article realize that bad measures for security lead to a serious infringement on freedom. In contrast, “If mewhat skeptical attitude towards electronical surveillance systems and used similar strategies, the results and effects were different. Each was effective; Kaminer was able to gain credibility and underpin her opinion, efficiently express her sarcasm and skepticism, and show her direct feelings to the readers. The Economist managed to use strategies so that it could deliver information effectively while backing up the author’s own idea, explain more thoroughly about what is being said, and lighten up the mood of the article as a refreshment. Both articles by Kaminer and The Economist are worthy of notice, as the time we are currently living in is a vastly transitioning period. More and more electronic surveillance systems are being introduced. It would be desirable to fully understand what is going on, and not miss out an important change that can alter our lives. According to the two authors, we should keep in mind that we do not disregard what is truly important, blinded by the convT6
인간 선택에 영향을 주는 6가지 심리적 영향Did you know that there are ways to improve your chances of getting a “yes” from others?There are psychological reasons lying behind every choice we make; no single choice is made without being influenced, whether it is made consciously or unconsciously.You might have wondered why it is that you get to encounter so many “no”s and turndowns in your life. Well, here is a good news! This afternoon, I’ll be talking about a number of scientific factors that guide human behavior.
What is ‘facebook addiction’?Facebook AddictionSpending too much time on facebook+Thinking about facebookEffects of facebook addictionNeglect RealityIgnore real relationships and work obligationsDespondency from comparing with others' livesPersonal information can be misused
문화예술테크놀로지의 이해ㅇㅇ학번ㅇㅇ학과ㅇㅇㅇ1. 무대미술(scenography)과 동선연출(choreography) 분야에서 테크놀로지 활용이 일반 공연에 비해 어떠한 유리함을 주는지 예를 들어 설명하시오.연극이나 뮤지컬 등의 연출에 테크놀로지를 활용하면 관객들로 하여금 극에 더 몰입하게 할 수 있다. 무대가 가지고 있는 한정된 공간을 테크놀로지를 통해 확장시킬 수 있다. 무대 위라는 한정적인 공간에서 표현하기 힘든 장면들을 테크놀로지를 활용하여 가능하게 만드는 것이다. 캐릭터가 하늘을 나는 비현실적인 상황의 경우 배우를 와이어로 묶어 직접 들어 올리거나, 뒷배경에 망사 스크린을 설치해 프로젝터로 하늘의 이미지를 비춰 연출할 수 있다. 스크린 자체로 이미지를 띄우거나, 프로젝터를 사용하여 스크린에 이미지를 쏘는 방법은 무대 연출에 매우 많이 사용되는 기법이다. 스크린 말고 소품 등에도 프로젝터를 사용하여 이미지를 띄울 수 있다. 버스를 페인트칠하는 모습을 실제 연극에서 표현하기엔 제약이 따르는데, 프로젝터를 사용하면 색이 바뀌는 이미지와 칠을 하는 듯한 배우의 연기를 일치시켜 마치 실제 캐릭터가 버스를 페인트칠하여 색이 바뀌는 것처럼 연출할 수 있다.무빙 워크는 공연 분야에서 사용되는 테크놀로지의 대표적 예 중 하나이다. 앞을 향해 힘차게 걸어 나가는 모습을 보여주기에 무대는 너무 좁기 때문에, 이런 경우 무빙 워크를 설치하면 배우가 앞으로 계속 걸어가는 모습을 한 자리에서 표현하는 것이 가능하다.비를 맞으며 걸어가는 상황을 예로 들자면, 일반 공연의 경우 ‘비가 내리는 상황’을 관객이 이해하기 위해서는 배우의 대사나 연기를 통해 유추해야만 한다. 하지만 테크놀로지를 활용한 공연의 경우 이러한 추론 과정은 필요하지 않다. 무대 위에서 물을 뿌리는 기계장치를 설치하여 ‘비가 내리는 모습’을 그대로 관객에게 전달하는 것이 가능하기 때문이다.테크놀로지를 사용하여 일반적으로 표현하기 힘든 극중 상황들을 사실적으로 표현할 수 있다. 관객들은 테크놀로지가 직접적으로 전달해주는 시각적 정보를 받아들임으로써 극을 더 확실하고 쉽게 이해할 수 있고, 극에 몰입할 수 있다.2. 문화, 예술, 기술의 측면에서 동조(synchronization) 현상을 이용한 콘텐츠의 예를 들고 그 원리를 설명하시오.어떠한 행위, 과정 등을 synchronize 한다는 것은, 동시에 같은 속도로 발생하고 움직이게 만든다는 것이다. 동시에 발생하게 만드는 동조(synchronization) 현상은 다양한 콘텐츠에 널리 활용되고 있다.영화나 드라마 등 영상 촬영 후 소리와 영상이 일치하도록 교정하는 것도 이러한 동조 현상을 이용한다. 미리 촬영된 영상과 동시 녹음된 음성을 비교하여 입모양에 맞게 동시 녹음된 음성을 교정하고, 등장인물의 행동과 일치하는 잡음들을 만들어 상황에 맞게 대입시키는 것에서 동조 현상을 발견할 수 있다. 영상에 동조하는 소리를 만들기 위해 음향 기사들은 영상을 틀어 놓고 동시에 각 상황에 맞는 잡음이나 생활 소음 등을 후 녹음해 넣는다. 등장인물의 발걸음에 맞추어 발소리를 입히고, 밤바다를 배경으로 하는 장면에서는 실제 바닷가에서 녹음하여 그 분위기가 느껴지는 소리를 입혀 만들어내는 씬(scene)들은 동조 현상을 이용하여 만들어낸 콘텐츠에 해당한다.‘월리스와 그로밋: 전자바지 소동’이라는 애니메이션에서는 골드버그 장치가 많이 등장한다. 옷을 갈아입거나 빵에 잼을 바르는 등 단순한 일들을 아주 복잡하게 작동하는 기계를 이용하여 해 내는 것이다. 골드버그 장치 역시 동조 현상을 이용한 기술 중 하나이다. 동조 현상을 이용한 이러한 골드버그 장치는 장나라의 ‘Sweet dream’이라는 노래 뮤직 비디오에서도 등장한다. 아침에 알람이 울리는 것을 장나라가 밀어서 떨어뜨리면, 이와 동시에 알람과 연결된 줄이 침대를 들어 올려 장나라를 깨우는 장치 등은 그녀의 행위로 인해 동시에 어떤 일이 발생하는 동조 현상의 예이다.