9. 문장의 결합A. 단문 -- 1개의 절이 독립적으로 쓰인 문장Tom is handsome.Tom attends a junior high school.B. 중문 -- 2개 이상의 절이 등위접속 된 문장Tom is handsome and he attends a junior high school.C. 복문 -- 2개 이상의 절이 종속접속 된 문장When Tom attends a junior high school, he was handsome.I'm not sure if he will come tomorrow.(1) 절 = 단문과 동의어이다.(2) 중문 -- 2개 이상의 절이 등위접속 된 문장등위접속은 등위접속사로 연결된 것을 말하며, 등위접속사에는 and, but, or, for가 있다.and//////////////////////////////////////////// but///////////////////////////////////////////// or ////////////////////////////////////////// forHe heard an explosion and he phoned the police. He tried hard but he failed. //////////// Hurry up, or you will be late. ///////////////////// It was morning, for the birds were singing.yet, still, so, then, only(3) 복문 -- 2개 이상의 절이 종속접속 된 문장종속접속에는 크게 2가지 유형이 있다./////// 부사절유형과 명사절유형이 있다.(4) 복문 : 부사절유형///////////////////////////////////// 주절 : 복문에서 중심이 되는 절 ///////////////////// 종속절 : 복문에서 주절을 꾸며 주는 절종속접속사로 시작되는 종속절이 주절을 꾸며주고 있다.{After I came here } { I heard nothwho emploved me]를 관계절이라함. (3) who는 관계절 [who employed me]내에서 주어역할을 하고 있음. 주격 관계대명사임: She has a daughter.: Her name is Nancy. → She has a daughter. /////// [whose name is Nancy).Parallelism: 만일 A와 B가 등위 접속되면, A와 B는 다음 조건을 만족시켜야한다.a. A와 B는 문장에서 하는 역할이 반드시 같아야 한다. b. A와 B는 형태가 같아야 한다. ///////////////////////① 등위접속사에 의한 병치법1. 명사의 병치( a ) 기본형There were men and women working in the fields. Each finger ends with a sharpe claw, not a flat blant nail. < ,not = and not >( b ) 한정사의 반복 여부and, or에 의해 병치될 경우 한정사를 반복해 주는 것이 원칙이다.He was holding a suitcase and a bindcage. ////// He is a racist and a sexist참고 ) 두가지 명사가 밀접하게 관련을 맺고있는경우 한정사를 반복할 필요가 없다.My mother and father worked hard. ////// Look at the boy in a jacket and tie.( c ) 동일한 형용사의 생략and, 다음에 오는 용사가 알의 용사와 동일할 경우The expedition party was composed of the young men and women of Korea2. 형용사의 병치Mrs. Scott's house was large and improving. ///////// He has a firm yet gentle hand.//////////////////////// This is a small but comfortable hotel////////////ous in the United States, but also abroad. (x)3. not A but B: A가 아니라 B이다.We wept not because we were frightened but because we were so pleased. < 절 + 절 > < 분사 + 분사 >The upright chairs were not polished but painted . ( The upright chairs were painted not polished.) Cf. The upright chairs were not polished but paint (x)4. either A or B : A나 B중 하나Sentences can be either true or false. < 형용사+분사 >You can either buy a special insecticide or get help from an expert < 동사+동사 >cf. You can buy either a special insecticide or get help from an expert (x)5. neither A nor B : A도 B도 아닌The girl neither spoke nor looked up. Mary wanted neither the assignment in Paris nor the job in London. Cf. Mary wanted neither the assignment in Paris nor to be sent to London. (x)6. whether A or B : A인지 B인지I could not decide whether to go or (to) turn back.She didn't know whether to sell her books or (to) keep them for reference.cf. She didn't know whether to sell her books or kept for refere뇌의 가장 높은 수준• 대뇌의 가장 바깥쪽 층t I but he who is to blame. I don't play golf not because[that] I dislike it but because[that] I have no time to spare. ////////////// (내가 골프를 치지 않는 것은 그것을 싫어해서가 아니라 시간이 없기 때문이다)3. It is true [I admit, No doubt, Indeed] + 절, but + 절 : 과연 ~ 이지만, 정말로 ~ 이다.Indeed he is old, but he is still strong.4. 종속접속사로서의 but(a) but : if + not 의 뜻이며 but (that), but (what) 다음에 항상 직설법 문장It never rains but it pours. ///////////////////////////// (= It never rains without pouring.) ///////////////// I could go abroad but (that) I am poor.(b) but : that + nota. No one is so old but he may learn. ///////////////// (배울 수 없을 만큼 늙은 사람은 아무도 없다)b. There is no rule but has some exceptions. c. It was impossible but she should notice it.5. 부사로서의 butShe is but a child. (= only)I can but try the method. My dog was all but run over by a car. 6. 전치사로서의 but : except, save의 대용어You are the last but one to stant.② 등위접속사 [II][1] or의 용법1. 둘 이상의 어구를 접속하는 선택적 의미You or he is to blame. 2. 명령문 [명령문 상당어구] + or : ~ 하여라. 그렇지 않으면 ~ 할s A 의 주의할 용법a. 동사+as well as + 동명사 (B가 동사일 때 A는 동명사로 쓰임) He sings as well as playing the guitar. //////////////// (= He not only plays the guitar, but also sings.)b. 주어 + 동사 + as well as + 주어 + 동사 3. either A or B (A나 B중에 하나) : neither A nor B (A도 B도 아니다)(a) 근자일치법 : 동사는 가까운 주어에 일치Either you or I am to blame. ////////////////////// Neither you nor I am to blame,(b) 부정문 : either가 주어자리에 올 때 부정문 불가He cannot either read or write. //////////////////////// (= He can neither read nor write.)Either you or I may not go. (x)/////////////////// Neither you nor I may go.(c) either와 neither가 본동사 앞에 오는 경우 or 이하는 도치되지 않으나 nor 이하는 도치된다.You can either take John or you can take Bob. //// You can neither take John nor can you take Bob.(d) 셋이상을 열거 할때 either~or~or 및 neither ~ nor ~ nor 의 형태도 가능하다.종속관계① 명사절과 종속접속사 [I][1] That1. 주어로 쓰이는 that절That he is a genius is unbelievable. = It is unbelievable (that) he is a genius. ////////// 참고 ) It seems (that) he is ill. 2. 주격보어로 쓰이는 that절The fact is (that) he said .