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Medieval People by Eileen Power (1924) 인물분석 필기자료 및 독후감

Medieval People by Eileen Power (1924)Bodo, a Frankish PeasantThe early empire of Charlemagne in the late 8th to early 9th centuries is represented by Bodo that the whole family had to work hard to meet the quota of the steward of the seignorial land of the Abbey of St Germain that Bodo happened to live on.“Let us go back and see what Bodo’s wife, Ermentrude, is doing. She is busy too; it is the day on which the chicken-rent is due a fat pullet and five eggs in all. She leaves her second son, aged nine, to look after the baby Hildegard and calls on one of her neighbours, who has to go up to the big house too. The neighbour is a serf and she has to take the steward a piece of woollen cloth, which will be sent away to St Germain to make a habit for a monk. Her husband is working all day in the lord’s vineyards, for on this estate the serfs generally tend the vines, while the freemen do most of the ploughing. […] In the men’s workshop are several clever workmen a shoemaker, a carpenter, aSung emperors, who ruled Southern China, not yet (in 1268) conquered by the Tartars. […] Up and down the streets of Kinsai moved lords and merchants clad in silk, and the most beautiful ladies in the world swayed languidly past in embroidered litters, with jade pins in their black hair and jewelled earrings swinging against their smooth cheeks”. (p.46-47)“On one side of this city lay a beautiful lake (famous in Chinese history, and still one of the fairest prospects upon earth), studded with wooded islands, on which stood pavilions with charming names: ‘Lake Prospect’, ‘Bamboo Chambers’, ‘The House of the Eight Genii’, and ‘Pure Delight’[…]” (p.47)In the last sentence of this chapter, I could see that Marco Polo influenced Columbus.“he discovered China in the thirteenth century, when he was alive, and in the fifteenth, when he was dead, he discovered America!” (p. 72)Marco Polo's travels formed a new perception of the Eastern world, a world as developed and refined as the West in Europ containing 19 principal articles.The first section deals with religious and moral duties.“Then follows a series of articles telling the lady how to say her morning prayer when she rises, how to bear herself at Mass, and in what form to make her confession to the priest, […] But the greater part of the section deals with the all-important subject of the wife’s duty to her husband. She is to be loving, humble, obedient, careful and thoughtful for his person, silent regarding his secrets, and patient if he be foolish and allow his heart to stray towards other women.” (p. 99)The second section of the book deals with household management.“There are instructions how to mend, air, and clean dresses and furs, get out grease spots, catch fleas and keep flies out of the bedroom, look after wine, and superintend the management of a farm.” (p.100)“The third section of the book was intended by the Menagier to contain three parts: first of all, a number of parlour games for indoor amusement; secondory as the office of Lord Chancellor itself. For it reminds a cotton-spinning, iron-working generation that the greatness of England was built up, not upon the flimsy plant which comes to her to be manufactured from the Far East and West of the world, nor upon the harsh metal delved from her bowels, but upon the wool which generation after generation has grown on the backs of her black-faced sheep. First in the form of a raw material sought after eagerly by all the cloth-makers of Europe, then in the form of a manufacture carried on in her own towns and villages, and sent out far and wide in ships, wool was the foundation of England's greatness right up to the time of the Industrial Revolution, when cotton and iron took its place. So if you look at old pictures of the House of Lords, in Henry VIII's reign, or in Elizabeth's, you will see the woolsack before the throne, as you will see it if you visit the House today. The Lord Chancellor of England is seated upon a woolsack because it wt Goodday of Coggeshall and their families, nor their relative John, who was a priest and had ten shillings for a trental. All these Gooddays were doubtless bound to Thomas Paycocke by ties of work as well as of friendship. They belonged to a well-known Coggeshall family, for generations connected with the cloth industry.” (p. 159-160)“That Thomas Paycocke had many friends, not only in Coggeshall but in the villages round, the number of his legacies bears witness.” (p. 168)“One detail Peacocke's will does not give us, which we should be glad to know: did he employ only domestic weavers, working in their own houses, or did he also keep a certain number of looms working in his house? It was characteristic of the period in which he lived that something like a miniature factory system was establishing itself in the midst of the new outwork system. The clothiers were beginning to set up looms in their own houses and to work them by journeymen weavers; as a rule the independent weavers greats.

인문/어학| 2024.05.01| 9페이지| 2,500원| 조회(128)

독후감, 창작, 영어영문학, 영문소설, 영문소설분석

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Analysis of poems The Flea by John Donne and The Snow Man by Wallace Stevens

Analysis of poems The Flea by John Donne and The Snow Man by Wallace StevensThe Flea by John DonneThe Flea is a poem which belongs to metaphysical poetry. The poem is a very erotic poem that the male speaker persuades his lover to give him her virginity. The concept of image is very important here as this poem is metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry uses a variety of amazing and a bit strange images, and although they are drawn in real life, they are drawn very subtly, requiring us to have great imagination and intellectual challenges. Fleas are images and objects that can be easily found in everyday life, as we have met at least once in our lives. We can think of fleas as simply pests that suck blood, but in this poem, the image of the flea is seen differently.And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;Thou know’st that this cannot be saidA sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead,At that time, people in the 17th century considered that sex is a “mingling of the blood,” and the male speaker realizes that by mixing their bloods together in its body, the flea has done what she did not dare to do. In addition, this poem fits well with the excerpt “Poetry lifts the veil from the hidden beauty of the world, and makes familiar objects be as if they were not familiar.” The poem is based on the flea that are far from beauty or romance, but rather disgusting, and this poem relates the flea, which are usually considered blood-drinking pests, to the image of love, which attracts extraordinary attention and makes readers feel unfamiliar with fleas.Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed, and marriage temple is;The moment the woman tries to kill the flea, the speaker restrain the woman by revealing that killing the flea means killing and committing suicide, and thus constitutes blasphemy. Here, the image of the flea is interpreted more specially, and we generally kill fleas when we see them, but in this poem, killing fleas can even be a blasphemy, making fleas feel completely unfamiliar.The Snow Man by Wallace StevensThis poem was a little difficult to understand the meanings implied by each line. The content of this poem is not as simple as the title The Snow Man. And there is no description or mention of the ‘snowman.’ In this poem, the image of snowman is being newly interpreted. In addition, unlike the familiar snowman, which we make by rolling snow on the streets or in front of our houses in winter, the writer implied a deeper and more profound concept in the image of the snowman.One must have a mind of winterTo regard the frost and the boughsOf the pine-trees crusted with snow;The writer states that in order to properly understand the lonely beauty of the winter landscape, you must have “a mind of winter.”For the listener, who listens in the snow,And, nothing himself, beholdsNothing that is not there and the nothing that is.In the fifth verse, which was the most difficult to understand, the writer mentions as “For the listener, who listens in the snow,” which means a snowman, which can be the writer himself or us who are enjoying this poem, that is, readers. A snowman with “a mind of winter” is completely assimilated and united in the nature of winter. It symbolizes that a human who empties all human anguish and agony. The line “beholds [...] the nothing that is,” is difficult to understand, but it can be the most important key topic in this poem. Here, “nothing” does not simply mean emptiness or absence. Considering that a person who already has a mind of winter and is assimilated into winter and integrated with the nature of winter sees “winter,” the winter cannot be seen as any other shape, or be seen disgraceful or sad. Because it is winter in winter, that is, because it is already integral and united, so it is not empty and can be interpreted as the concept of a “full nothing.”I think the writer probably captured his feelings and thoughts experienced in the peaceful winter nature in this poem. And it is not just the concept of a “snowman,” a human figure made of snow, but by interpreting the image and concept differently, it makes us think deeper and requires greater imagination. Poetry really stems from a special way of thinking in the image, making familiar objects feel new and unfamiliar objects, and it is very cool that implies the writer's feelings.

인문/어학| 2024.05.01| 2페이지| 2,000원| 조회(115)

창작, 눈사람, 영문시, 영문시분석, 존돈의벼룩

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존 돈의 벼룩, 월리스 스티븐스의 눈사람 영문시 분석

The Flea by John Donne벼룩은 형이상학적 시에 속하는 시이다. 이 시는 남성 화자가 애인에게 처녀성을 요구하며 설득하는 매우 에로틱한 시이며, 이 시는 형이상학적 시이므로 여기서 이미지의 개념은 매우 중요하다. 형이상학적 시는 놀랍고 조금은 특이한 이미지를 다양하게 사용하는데, 실제 현실에서 그려지기는 하지만 매우 미묘하게 그려지기 때문에 우리에게 커다란 상상력을 요구하기도 한다. 벼룩은 살면서 한 번쯤 만난 적이 있을 만큼 일상에서 쉽게 발견할 수 있는 이미지이자 물체이다. 우리는 벼룩을 단순히 피를 빨아먹는 해충이라고 생각할 수 있지만, 이 시에서는 벼룩의 이미지가 사뭇 다르게 표현된다.One must have a mind of winterTo regard the frost and the boughsOf the pine-trees crusted with snow;당시 17세기 사람들은 섹스(성별)가 '피의 혼합'이라고 여겼고, 남성 화자는 자신의 몸 안에서 피를 한데 섞음으로써 벼룩이 감히 하지 못했던 일을 해냈다는 것을 깨닫게 된다. 또한 이는 이 시의 발췌문 '시는 세상의 숨겨진 아름다움에서 베일을 벗기고, 익숙한 대상을 마치 낯선 것처럼 만든다'와도 상응한다. 아름다움이나 낭만과는 거리가 멀지만 오히려 역겨운 벼룩을 소재로 하고 있는데, 이 시는 평소 피를 마시는 해충으로 여겨지는 벼룩을 사랑의 이미지와 연관시켜 남다른 관심을 끌며 독자들로 하여금 벼룩을 조금은 낯선 존재로 느껴지게 한다.Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed, and marriage temple is;여성이 벼룩을 죽이려는 순간 화자는 벼룩을 죽이는 것은 살해와 자살을 의미하며 따라서 신성모독에 해당한다는 사실을 밝힘으로써 여성을 제지한다. 여기서 벼룩의 이미지는 좀 더 특별하게 해석되며, 우리는 일반적으로 벼룩을 볼 때 벼룩을 죽이지만, 이 시에서는 벼룩을 죽이는 것조차 신성모독이 될 수 있어 벼룩이라는 존재를 전혀 낯설게 느끼게 한다.The Snow Man by Wallace Stevens이 시는 각 대사가 함축하는 의미를 이해하기가 조금 어렵기도 하다. 이 시의 내용은 눈사람이라는 제목처럼 단순하지 않다. 그리고 '눈사람'에 대한 직접적인 묘사나 언급이 없다. 이 시에서 눈사람의 이미지는 새롭게 해석되고 있다. 또한 겨울에 거리나 집 앞에서 눈을 굴려 만드는 익숙한 눈사람과 달리, 작가는 눈사람의 이미지에 더 깊고 심오한 개념을 암시한다.One must have a mind of winterTo regard the frost and the boughsOf the pine-trees crusted with snow;작가는 겨울 풍경의 쓸쓸한 아름다움을 제대로 이해하기 위해서는 '겨울의 마음'이 있어야 한다고 말한다.For the listener, who listens in the snow,And, nothing himself, beholdsNothing that is not there and the nothing that is.가장 이해하기 어려웠던 5절에서 작가는 눈사람을 뜻하는 "눈을 맞으며 듣는 이에게"라고 언급하는데, 이는 이 시를 즐기고 있는 작가 자신이나 우리, 즉 독자가 될 수 있다. "겨울의 마음"을 가진 눈사람은 겨울의 자연 속에서 완전히 동화되고 연합되어 있다. 인간이 가진 모든 고뇌를 비우는 인간을 상징한다. “beholds [...] the nothing that is,"의 구절은 이해하기 어렵지만, 이 시에서 가장 중요한 핵심 주제가 될 수 있다. 여기서 "아무것도"는 단순히 공허함이나 부재를 의미하지 않는다. 이미 겨울의 마음을 가지고 있고 겨울에 동화되어 겨울의 자연과 통합된 사람이 "겨울"을 본다는 것을 고려하면, 겨울은 다른 어떤 형상으로도 볼 수 없고, 수치스럽거나 슬퍼 보일 수도 없다. 겨울의 겨울이기 때문에, 즉 이미 통합되고 연합되어 있기 때문에 비어 있지 않고 "완전히 아무것도 아닌 것"의 개념으로 해석할 수 있다.작가는 아마도 평화로운 겨울 자연 속에서 경험한 자신의 감정과 생각을 이 시에 담아냈을 것이라 생각한다. 그리고 단순히 눈으로 만든 인간 형상인 '눈사람'의 개념이 아니라 이미지와 개념을 다르게 해석함으로써 더 깊이 생각하게 만들고 더 큰 상상력을 필요로 했다. 시는 정말로 이미지 속의 특별한 사고방식에서 비롯되어 익숙한 대상을 새롭고 낯선 대상으로 느끼게 하는데, 작가의 감정을 함축하고 있는 것은 매우 멋진 것이다.

인문/어학| 2024.05.01| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(115)

벼룩, 눈사람, 영문시, 존돈, 월리스스티븐스

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Robert Frost의 Mending Wall 분석 자료

Robert Frost의 Mending Wall 분석Robert Frost의 Mending Wall은 그의 가장 유명한 시 중 하나로, 두 이웃이 함께 담장을 고치면서 발생하는 경험에 대해 이야기하고 있다. 이 시는 담장을 통해 각자의 개성과 사고방식, 그리고 사회적 관계에 대한 복잡한 테마를 탐구한다. Mending Wall은 45행의 무운시로, 구어체로 작성되어 있다. 본문에서는 몇 가지 상징적인 단어와 구절에 초점을 맞춰 이 시의 주요 테마와 상징적 의미를 분석하였다.첫째로, 이 시에서 가장 중요한 상징적 단어인 ‘Wall', 즉 담장은 두 이웃 사이의 물리적인 장벽을 나타내지만, 또한 사회속의 사람들 사이에 존재하는 분열, 경계, 심리적, 정서적 장벽을 상징하는 은유적인 무게를 지니고 있다.두 번째로, 시의 1행과 35행에 등장하는 ’벽을 사랑하지 않는 무언가가 있다‘라는 구절은 시의 분위기를 조성하고 담장의 필요성에 의문을 제기하는 주제를 소개한다. 연결과 개방에 대한 인간의 선천적인 욕망을 암시하며, 이웃 사이에 담장을 쌓는 과정에 대한 화자의 회의를 암시하기도 하고, 더불어 화자의 물리적 분리의 필요성을 초월한 연결과 통합에 대한 열망을 시사하기도 한다.세 번째로, 시의 27행과 마지막 행에서 등장하는 ’좋은 울타리는 좋은 이웃을 만듭니다‘라는 대사는 전통과 사회적 규범에 대한 주제를 요약하여 보여준다. 이 대사는 화자의 이웃 자신의 전통적 관습에 대한 집착을 드러내며, 조화로운 관계를 유지하기 위해서는 경계가 필수적이라는 믿음을 반영하고 있지만, 화자는 전통에 대한 맹목적인 집착이 항상 이웃 간의 진정한 이해로 이어지지 않을 수 있음을 시사하며 이 주장의 타당성에 의문을 제기한다.네 번째로, 시의 41행에서 나타나는 ’그는 내가 보기에 어둠 속에서 움직인다‘라는 이 대사는 화자와 이웃의 차이를 강조한다. 이웃은 전통과 자기 자신의 일상에 엄격하게 집착하는 것으로 묘사되지만, 화자는 더욱 자기 성찰적이다. 이웃의 행동은 다소 신비롭고 설명할 수 없는 것으로 묘사되어 화자와 이웃 둘 사이의 차이를 강조한다. 마지막으로, 시의 38행부터 40행에서 이어져 나타나는 구절에서 화자는 오래된 방식에 맹목적으로 의존하는 이웃을 무장한 구석기시대의 원시인 같다고 묘사하며 전통적 관습에만 집착하는 이웃의 행동을 무지하고 맹목적인 것으로 표현하고 있다.

인문/어학| 2024.05.01| 1페이지| 1,000원| 조회(188)

창작, 로버트프로스트, 담장고치기, 영문시, 영문시분석

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애드거 앨런 포 'The Tell-Tale Heart'- Narrator's Insanity 저자 분석

‘The Tell-Tale Heart’: Narrator’s Insanity‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ is a short story written by Edgar Allen Poe in the 19th century. Edgar Allan Poe wrote a lot of gothic literature that is based on elements such as mystery, fear, and dread. ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ is also one of his famous writings which contain those suspenseful elements in the story. In ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’, Poe set the first person point of view to make the first person narrator illustrates how man’s imagination is capable of being so vivid that it profoundly affects people’s lives (Sun 94). In this story, the narrator's imagination makes him fall into insanity deeper and deeper, unconsciously grow into uncontrollable situations, and eventually, lead him to commit murder.‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ mainly tells us the narrator’s insanity-driven murder of an old man with “vulture-like eye”. The narrator considers that old man’s eye as “evil eye” and conspiracies to remove the eye. The overall atmosphere of this story is dark arator has an inner struggle with the thought that the old man’s “evil eye” is watching him every day and an underlying feeling that the “evil eye” will hurt him. He is living in a dream world. He is completely paranoid. This, his insanity, leads him to wholeheartedly believe that the only way he can get rid of his fear is to kill the old man. In the first paragraph, he says, “but why will you say that I am mad!” (Poe 92). Everyone knows that he is totally out of mind, however, he denies the truth. His denial eventually becomes a trigger of the terrible murder. He even says “I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? ” (Poe 92). How can we hear the sound of heaven? How can we hear the sound of hell? This cannot happen in real life. It just happens in imagination. It shows that it is not an exaggeration to call him a madman. This insanity of the narrator makes him fall into delusion deeper and deeper, more afraid of the old man’s which makes him think that murder of the old man is a wise thing. “You should have seen how wisely I proceeded” (Poe 92). He even describes how he prepares to murder the old man as a “wise” way. He stalks the old man all the time before he commits murder. He would watch the old man sleep every night, and he found comfort when the old man’s eye was closed in knowing that he could not see the evil within the old man's soul. However, while the eye was closed, his decision to kill the old man was not changed. Because he doesn’t want to see the “evil eye” anymore.With the progressing of the story, I could see the narrator goes into a serious paranoid insanity deeper and deeper. “I knew that sound well, too. It was the beating of the old man’s heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage” (Poe 94). He even mistakes the beating of his heart for the beating of the old man’s heart. While he is caught by his insanity, he is afraid that neighbors willuse. When the police arrive at his house, he is convinced that he has nothing to fear. “I smiled-for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome” (Poe 95). Even after committing the atrocious act outside the common sense of the murder, he welcomes the guests, especially, the police. He even lets them to search wherever they like and leads them into the room where the body is buried and invites them to sit down. While it is an undeniable fact that the narrator committed murder, he still insists on his sanity after murdering the old man. How bold he is. He has nothing to fear about. This also reveals how terrifying his insanity is. Let me repeat that, however, he is also a human being. Even if he fears nothing consciously, but he struggles with his conscience subconsciously. He begins to feel anxious when the police start talking to him. “My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears” (Poe 96). The narrator’s paranoia begins to build steadily and soon the narrator hears the beat reaches its zenith. While the police already knew about the murder, the narrator was very confident and had nothing to fear about at first, so he welcomed the police, bade them search wherever they want, and even let them rest from their fatigues. The narrator once believed that the “evil eye” would trouble him no more, and he could be emancipated from the fears, however, as we can see, although he got rid of the “evil eye” from his life and did not have to see the “evil eye” anymore, but his murder, which he considered to be a complete crime within a perfect plan, came into conflict with his inner conscience and faced the fear of conflict with himself, not others this time. The sound of the old man’s heartbeat continued to torture the narrator and at the end, his reaction to his subconscious thoughts caused him to admit his crime to the police.Through the whole story, I could see the narrator falls into his insanity deeper and deeper and lost control of that. The narrator's insanity,-99.

인문/어학| 2024.04.23| 5페이지| 2,000원| 조회(122)

영어영문학, 애드거앨런포, 영문학분석, 저자분석, thetelltaleheart

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