분자생물학 용어정리

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Bacteriophage: viruses that infect bacteria.
Transformation: when a plasmid vector or segment of chromosomal DNA is introduced into a bacterial cell
sequence of the bases of the two chains of a given double helix have a complementary relationship, and the sequence of any DNA strand exactly defines that of its partner strand.
Chargaff's rule: experiments also showed that the relative ratios of the four bases were not random. The number of adenine (A) residues in all DNA samples was equal to the number of thymine (T) residues, and the number of guanine (G) residues equaled the number of cytosine (C) residues.
In addition, regardless of the DNA source, the ratio of purines to pyrimidines was always approximately 1 (purines = pyrimidines).
DNA polymerase I: capable of catalyzing the synthesis of new DNA strands.
Arthur Kornberg: demonstrated DNA synthesis in cell-free extracts of bacteria.
revealed that the nucleotide building blocks for DNA are energy-rich precursors (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP).
DNA Replication: the process in which original DNA strands are used as templates for the synthesis of new DNA strands
central dogma: the idea that the usual flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to polypeptide (protein)

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